File:A treatise on physiology and hygiene for educational institutions and general readers (1887) (14783143455).jpg

Identifier: treatiseonphy00hutc (find matches)
Title: A treatise on physiology and hygiene for educational institutions and general readers ..
Year: 1887 (1880s)
Authors: Hutchison, Joseph C. (Joseph Chrisman), 1822-1887
Subjects: Physiology
Publisher: New York, Clark & Maynard
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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planned and put in place long before these organs arebrought into actual use in breathing and in taking food. 6. The air-passages are lined throughout almost their whole ex-tent with mucous membrane, which keeps them in a constantlymoist condition. This membrane has cells of a peculiar kind uponits outer surface. If examined under a powerful microscope, we maysee, even for a considerable time after their removal from the body,that these cells have minute hair-like processes in motion, whichwave like a field of grain under the influence of a breeze (Fig. 46).This is a truly beautiful sight; and since it is found that theselittle cilia, as they are called, always produce currents in one 6. Lining of the air-passages? Ciliated cells ? Their uses? The three diseases of thelungs? 158 RESPIRATION. direction—from within outward—it is probable that they serve auseful purpose in catching and carrying away from the lungs dustand other small particles drawn in with the breath (Fig. 46). The
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Fig. 45.—Section of the Mouth and Throat, A, The Tongue. C, Vocal Cord. N, Trachea. B, The Uvula. E, Epiglottis. O, ffisophagus. L, Larynx. three diseases which more commonly affect the lungs, as the resultof exposure, are pneumonia, or inflammation of the lungs, affecting,principally, the air-cells; bronchitis, an inflammation of the largebronchial tubes; and pleurisy, an inflammation of the pleura, oroutside wrapping of the lungs. Among the young, an inflamma-tion of the trachea takes place, known as croup. 7. The Movements of Respiration.—The act of breathing has 7. The act of breathing ? Extension of the chest by breathing ? RESPIRATION. 159

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