File:Anatomy, physiology and hygiene (1900) (14775861451).jpg

Identifier: anatomyphysiolog00walk (find matches)
Title: Anatomy, physiology and hygiene
Year: 1900 (1900s)
Authors: Walker, Jerome, 1845-
Subjects: Physiology Health
Publisher: Boston, Allyn and Bacon
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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ingthe ridges, de-pressions, andopenings. 27. Structure of Bones. —If a bone be sawn across,its walls will be found to bevery hard and strong, likeivory. This firm tissue iscalled the compact tissue.In a long bone it is thickerin the middle of the shaftthan at the extremities,where it disappears in a finenetwork tissue, called the ^ ;.V> ■Mm Fig. 8. Longitudinal Sectionof Femur, showingthe compact andcancellous tissueof bone. 1 Full of blood-vessels. 2 Hence the surgeon, in removing dead bone, removes as little of theperiosteum as possible, and thus has succeeded, with the aid of nature, inproducing new lower jaws, and even arm bones. BONES AND JOINTS. 33 spongy or cancellous tissue.1 The size of the bone alongthe shaft, where the strength is mainly required, is thusdiminished; while at the ends the extent of surfacewhich is needed is obtained without increase of weight.2The more expanded and elastic spongy tissue serves also,both at the extremities of the long bones and in the
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Fig. 9. Kadiograph (X-ray) of Head of Thigh Bone, showing arched structure and can-cellous tissue. (Dr. J. Sherman Wight.) interior of the other bones, to deaden the force of con-cussions. It is ordinarily filled with the oily materialknown as marrow, which also nils the hollow shaft ortube of the long bones. This tube or central canal istherefore called the medullary canal (i.e. marrow canal). 1 The tubular character of long bones with compact walls affords light-ness and strength. The same principle is observed in stalks of grain andin the construction of bicycle frames. 2 Pupils in the engineering school at Zurich use the section of the headof a thigh bone for the study of ideal stress lines for bridges. 34 BOXES AND JOIXTS. It is lined with a vascular web of connective tissue,known as the medullary membrane, which nourishes theinner parts of the bone. The marrow in the spongytissue of bones is of a red color, and is called red marrow,to distinguish it from that of a yellow color i

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