File:Anatomy, physiology and hygiene (1900) (14776873014).jpg

Identifier: anatomyphysiolog00walk (find matches)
Title: Anatomy, physiology and hygiene
Year: 1900 (1900s)
Authors: Walker, Jerome, 1845-
Subjects: Physiology Health
Publisher: Boston, Allyn and Bacon
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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thoraxis in three directions; viz., vertical, from side to side, and from the back forwards. The first — due mainly to 1 When the gliding motions are hindered by the adhesion of the secreting surfaces of a pleural sac, as in pleurisy, anything more than the quietest breathing is attended with acute pain. 2 There are two sets of muscular fibres between the ribs, placed diagonally and crossing each other, viz., the external and internal inter-costal muscles. The first assists in pulling the ribs down, the second serves to pull them up. The lungs lie in an air-tight chest with movable walls. When, by muscular contraction, the size of the chest is increased,the surface of the lungs must remain in contact with that of the chest;and air thus passively enters the lungs to occupy the increasing space. RESPIRATION. —ANIMAL HEAT. 235 the descent of the diaphragm, and the pushing outward of the walls of the abdomen — is the greatest, and is most common in men. It is often spoken of as abdominal
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PLS Fig. 83. Diagram. Lungs in Inspiration and Expiration.—1, lungs contracted in expiration; 2, lungs expanded in inspiration.T, trachea. L, the lung substance. D, the diaphragm. CW, chest walls. PLS, pleural sacs (the walls separated). breathing, or the abdominal type of respiration, to distinguish it from breathing mainly by the elevation of the ribs, i.e. costal breathing, or the thoracic type of respiration. 1 This latter form of breathing is mostcommon in women, especially those who take insufficient 1 The action of the diaphragm in respiration may be illustrated withan open bell jar, whose lower and larger opening is covered by thin rubber. Place a snugly fitting cork in the neck of the jar, and through it put a glass tube, one end projecting above the opening of the neck, and the other end, with a thin rubber bag or pouch firmly secured to it, nearly midway into the body of the jar. If the rubber covering of the jar is pulled downwards, air will enter the tube at its upper end, ami d

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