File:Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics- a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts (1880) (14757482046).jpg

Identifier: appletonscyclopa02dapp (find matches)
Title: Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts
Year: 1880 (1880s)
Authors: D. Appleton and Company Benjamin, Park, 1849-1922
Subjects: Mechanical engineering -- Dictionaries
Publisher: New York, D. Appleton
Contributing Library: Mugar Memorial Library, Boston University
Digitizing Sponsor: Boston University

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e as follows: First order, 3.5 to 3.75 inches; second, 3 to 3.25; third, large, 2 to 2.75 ;third, small, about 2.5; fourth, 1.75 to 1.8; fifth, 1.5 to 1.75; sixth, 1.5 to 1.75. The height of flames of ordinary Argand fountain lamps of beacons and light-vessels, correspond-ing to thefull effect of these lamps, is from 1.5 to 1.6 inch. For details of construction of various forms of lamps, instructions for their management, etc., sec Instructions and Directions to Lighthouse Keepers, Washington, 1871. G. H. B. _ LAMPS, SAFETY. The explosive mixture of light carburetted hydrogen and atmospheric airwhich is often present in coal-mines long made it desirable to procure some kind of device by whichthe ignition of the compound might be avoided. Contrivances called steel mills were first used togive light in dangerous parts of the mines, a succession of sparks being constantly elicited by therapid revolution of little wheels of steel against pieces of flint. In an explosive mixture of gas and
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LAMPS, SAFETY. 231 2572. 2573. air these however were not safe, as the sparks were liable to produce explosion. Their greatly in-creased brilliancy in this served to indicate danger; and where the gas predominated above the ex-plosive proportion, the sparks were of blood-red color or ceased entirely to be emitted. The necessityof more efficient protection led to the invention in 1S13, by Dr. W. R. Clanny of Sunderland, Eng-land, of the first true safety-lamp. In this the communication with the external air was interceptedby water, through which the air was made to pass. This apparatus proved too cumbrous for generaluse. In 1815 George Stephenson and Sir Humphry Davy both invented safety-lamps on other prin-ciples. The former, noticing the effect of the gaseous products of combustion to extinguish theburning jets of inflammable gas called blowers, which issue from the crevices of coal-mines, contriveda lamp which was protected by a glass cylinder, and covered at top with a perforated m

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