File:Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics- a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts (1880) (14779804602).jpg

Identifier: appletonscyclopa02dapp (find matches)
Title: Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts
Year: 1880 (1880s)
Authors: D. Appleton and Company Benjamin, Park, 1849-1922
Subjects: Mechanical engineering -- Dictionaries
Publisher: New York, D. Appleton
Contributing Library: Mugar Memorial Library, Boston University
Digitizing Sponsor: Boston University

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is continually wet, it exposes considerable evaporating surface. At thesame time a continuous stream of water is forced through the hollow spiral, parting with some of itsheat under the influence of the external evaporation and radiation, which is intensified by the addi-tion of a ventilator. The current, being thus lowered in temperature, refrigerates in its turn theliquid to be cooled in the vessel. The lowering of temperature thus obtained varies according to theliytrrometric condition of the atmosphere; the minimum effect obtained, under the most favorablecircumstances, amounts only to a difference of 5° to 6C F., while the maximum difference obtainedin sunlight is between 32° and 33° F. ICE-YACHT. The construction of this form of vessel, which is designed for traveling upon thefrozen surface of rivers, etc., is fully detailed below. The rigging is similar to that of ordinary sail-ing sloops. The notable feature of the ice-yachts performance is its great speed, which often ex-
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ceeds 65 miles an hour, outstripping (paradoxical as it may seem) the wind which impels it, exceptwhen the breeze is directly astern. The following description refers to the Whiff, which was exhibited at the Centennial Expositionby her owner, Mr. Irving Grinnell: The Whiff, of which full detailed drawings are given in Figs. 2376 to 2379, is, as will be seen,sloop-rigged. The hull, if it may be so called, is composed of the keel or centre timber and twocurved side timbers, joined at the mast by two curved timbers bolted on to them, and at the sternby a semicircular continuation. The mast rises from the keel and the mast-bench, the chief timberof the latter being the runner-plank, at the ends of which two runners are bolted. This runner-plank is bolted to the under side of the side bars, and runs under the keel. The hull proper of theboat commences at the mast-bench, extending over less than half its width, and runs back in the formof an ordinary boat to the rudder end. The keel extends

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