File:Birds (1922) (14569005518).jpg

Identifier: cu31924090251681 (find matches)
Title: Birds ..
Year: 1922 (1920s)
Authors: Baker, E. C. Stuart (Edward Charles Stuart), 1864-1944 Oates, Eugene William, 1845-1911 Blandford, William Thomas, 1832-1905
Subjects: Birds
Publisher: London, Taylor and Francis (etc., etc.)
Contributing Library: Cornell University Library
Digitizing Sponsor: MSN

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n Dinosaurs, while the fourth hasbecome reduced to a mere nodule of bone supporting the hallux.In many species the hallux has become reduced to a mere vestige,and, in some, it has disappeared altogether, whilst in the Ostrich(StrutAio) but two toes remain. With the reptiles on the onehand, and the primitive mammals Echidna and Omiihorhynchuson. the other, birds agree in being oviparous. Hitherto most systems of classification have been founded onliving birds only, and have therefore to some extent failed in theirpurpose. Birds have been commonly divided into two greatgroups or sub-classes, Ratitos and Carinatce, according to the 8 ATES. presence or absence of a median keel to the sternum. But thesegroups, though accepted by Blanford and Gates, are very un-satisfactory, since in some flightless Carinntoe the sternum hasbecome reduced to the Katite condition. Taking into consideration birds both living and extinct, we havetwo vvell-delined sub-classes, the Archceorniihes and Neorniihes.
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Under view of the ekull of a Raven, vo, vomer; mxp, maxillo-palatineprocess; joa, palatine; joiy, pterygoid; j, quadrate ; h.sph, basi-sphenoid :iph.r, sphenoidal rostrum. The first is reserved for the Arclueopteryx with an elongatedreptilian chain of caudal vertebrae, each bearing a pair of rectricesand having the jaws armed with teeth. The sub-class Neornithes AVES. 9 ncludes all liviiia; birds in whicli ibe vertebrae supporting therectrices have become so abbreviated that the tail-feathers haveto be arranged fan-wise on eitlier side of a fused mass of bonesknown as the p5gosty)e. As regards the TVisonuite, the palate affords a much more satis-factory basis of division than the sternum. According to this,living birds are divisible into two further groups, the Falceognathceand Neor/naihce, the former in substitution for the Ratitoe and thelatter for the Oarinatm. In the PalceorjnaihcB the vomer is large, and articulates bysquamous suturewith the pterygoid, while the palatine is appli

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