File:On bedside urine-testing - a clinical guide to the observation of urine in the course of work (1885) (14597431049).jpg

Identifier: onbedsideurinete1885oliv (find matches)
Title: On bedside urine-testing : a clinical guide to the observation of urine in the course of work
Year: 1885 (1880s)
Authors: Oliver, George Arthur
Subjects: Urine Urinalysis
Publisher: London : Lewis
Contributing Library: Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Harvard Medical School

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of the day. Thoughalways present, they are increased atcertain periods and diminished at others :and I find this variation definitely hingeson the digestive act. The diagrams on the opposite pagerepresent hourly estimations of the bile-salts in the urine of a healthy adult, aged44, on two consecutive days : when everysample of urine was reduced to the uni-form specific gravity of 1008; and thedegrees of opacity, induced by mixing6om of the diluted urine with the samequantity of the test solution, were regis-tered according to a determined scalerepresented by the figures i, f, f, J, -;.The reader will observe that the maxi-mum amounts appear during the periodsof fasting—as in the urine passed in themorning and before meals ; and that theproportion falls quickly—generally in anhour—after each meal, and attains itsminimum in from three to four hours. It would, therefore, appear that the The hourly elimmatipn of Bile-salts by the Urine:shewing the effects of digestion and exercise.
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i Ch.XlIL) OF THE BILE SALTS. 229 renal elimination of the biliary salts isthe converse of the bile-flow into theduodenum : for, according to the factsprovided by biliary fistulae establishedin the dog, the discharge of bile into thebowel rises rapidly immediately after eat-ing, reaches its maximum in from two tosix hours, and returns to its minimum bythe time of the next meal ; but neverceases—even though fasting is prolonged.According to my observations this cen-tral fact is modified b) various hygienicconditions : among which exercise is themost powerful. On comparing the dia-grams — one representing the subjectwalking only two miles, and the otherten miles—the reader will note, that whenthe exercise was insufficient, the waves ofincreased elimination before dinner andthe evening meal were imperfectly de-veloped — attaining to merely the halfstandard opacity; and that, when thewalking was extended to ten miles, therenal discharge of the biliary salts follow*ing the digestiv

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