File:Practical electro-therapeutics and X-ray therapy - with chapters on phototherapy, X-ray in eye surgery, X-ray in dentistry, and medico-legal aspect of the X-ray (1912) (14570554518).jpg

Identifier: practicalelectro00mart (find matches)
Title: Practical electro-therapeutics and X-ray therapy : with chapters on phototherapy, X-ray in eye surgery, X-ray in dentistry, and medico-legal aspect of the X-ray
Year: 1912 (1910s)
Authors: Martin, James Madison, 1866-1947
Subjects: Electrotherapeutics X-rays Diagnosis, Radioscopic Eye Electric Stimulation Therapy X-Ray Therapy Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures
Publisher: St. Louis : C.V. Mosby
Contributing Library: Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Harvard Medical School

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region, showing a stone in thepelvis of the kidney. The stone was removed and proved to be of irregular shape,as shown in the illustration. The exposure was five seconds, with the tube 26 inchesfrom the plate. Reliable pictures of the kidney and ureter regions are amongthe most difficult trials of the radiographer, and even the experi-enced or expert operator makes many failures. Uric acid calculihave less density than the floating ribs, and are very difficult toshow, while calculi composed of oxalate of calcium, if properly ski-agraphed, will make very clear shadows. X-RAY IN GALL AND KIDNEY STONES 385 There are so many sources for error in diagnosing calculi in thekidneys and ureters that the x-ray diagnostician must be careful toavoid making grievous, if not unpardonable, errors. Calcifiedglands in the region of the kidney or ureter and bismuth salts orother metallic substances in the colon may make shadows so closelyresembling renal calculi as to be very misleading. To avoid such
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Fig. 204.—Skiagraph with a sinegran of the left kidney, showing a club-shaped stone inthe pelvis of the kidney. Operation revealed a large kidney full of pus. The lowershadow was not positively accounted for. accidents, the patient should be instructed to have the bowels thor-oughly empty before coming to the laboratory. If the finishedplate shows a shadow resembling a stone, and there is no occasionfor an immediate operation, the patient should return the next dayfor another exposure. When two negatives on different days showthe same reading, the diagnosis is reasonably certain. In this classof work the sinegran and a very low vacuum tube will give excel-lent results, especially in large subjects. 386 PRACTICAL ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS AND X-RAY THERAPY TECHNIC OF SKIAGRAPHING STONES IN THE KIDNEYS AND URETERS. To be successful in skiagraphing stones in the kidneys and ureters,the operator must, of necessity, be equipped with a good inductioncoil and electrolytic interrupter. The opera

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