File:Practical electro-therapeutics and X-ray therapy - with chapters on phototherapy, X-ray in eye surgery, X-ray in dentistry, and medico-legal aspect of the X-ray (1912) (14734125486).jpg

Identifier: practicalelectro00mart (find matches)
Title: Practical electro-therapeutics and X-ray therapy : with chapters on phototherapy, X-ray in eye surgery, X-ray in dentistry, and medico-legal aspect of the X-ray
Year: 1912 (1910s)
Authors: Martin, James Madison, 1866-1947
Subjects: Electrotherapeutics X-rays Diagnosis, Radioscopic Eye Electric Stimulation Therapy X-Ray Therapy Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures
Publisher: St. Louis : C.V. Mosby
Contributing Library: Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Harvard Medical School

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tice. Outlines of the kidney structure are very seldomshown. The skiagrapher should be careful not to mistake opaquesubstances in the intestinal canal or fragments from the transverseprocesses of the vertebra for stones. Kassabian reports having mis-taken an undissolved capsule of bismuth for a stone in the kidney. Vesical Calculi.—Small calculi in the urinary bladder are some-times overlooked by their being located over the sacrum or coccyx.Impactions in the rectum are sometimes mistaken for stones in thebladder. The bladder should always be empty before attemptingto skiagraph it, as water offers a considerable resistance to thepassage of the rays. 234 PRACTICAL ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS AND X-RAY THERAPY STEREOSCOPIC RADIOGRAPHY. Stereoscopic examination of x-ray plates is of comparatively re-cent development. It increases the diagnostic value of the negativemany times, and should be a part of the equipment of the progres-sive radiographer. The instrument here described is known as the
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Fig. 108.—Wheatstone stereoscope. Wheatstone stereoscope and is made to accommodate any size platefrom the smallest to 11x14 inches. Fig. 108 illustrates the appa-ratus. It is completely adjustable and simple in its operation. It PHOTOTHERAPY 235 consists of two view boxes facing each other, and arranged on agraduated bed, so that their positions may be changed at will. Cen-trally, between the boxes, are placed two oblong mirrors arrangedat right angles to each other as well as to the view boxes on eitherside. The mirrors are placed on a movable bed that works at rightangles to the bed of the view boxes. To get results with this pieceof apparatus, two carefully exposed and properly developed platesare required. After centering the tube directly over the part to beskiagraphed, it is moved to one side 3 centimeters and turned towardthe object, so that the direct rays from the anode will pass throughthe object. The exposure is made and the tube is moved 3 centime-ters to the other side

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