File:Rubricator’s signature in red ink. (5353140762).jpg

English: Johannes de Turrecremata, Quaestiones Evangeliorum (Deventer: Richardus Pafraet, 20 Nov. 1484). qRInc TURR Quae 1484.
Most of the time we have no knowledge of who carried out the rubrication, but sometimes rubricators did sign their work. This was usually at the end of the text and in red as that was the colour ink in their pens. In translation, the signature shown above reads: This most useful and praiseworthy work rubricated by me Herbordum Wernyngh de Borchorst, after printing, was paid (sold) for 26 shillings of solid money, without the binding, in the year of our Lord 1487 (thanks be to God) while I was then pastor in Vreden, (and) at that time chief pastor.” Rubrication includes all the markings in red (and sometimes blue). These are the decorated initial letters at significant beginnings, initial strokes (lines through the standard-sized capitals), paragraph marks, and sometimes underlinings.