File:San Francisco water (1925) (14597068549).jpg

Identifier: sanfrancwat4192581930spri (find matches)
Title: San Francisco water
Year: 1922 (1920s)
Authors: Spring Valley Water Company (San Francisco, Calif.)
Subjects: Water-supply
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : Spring Valley Water Co.
Contributing Library: San Francisco Public Library
Digitizing Sponsor: California State Library Califa/LSTA Grant

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he aqueduct system had nearlyreached its fullest expansion, embracing noless than nine aqueducts with over 240 milesof conduits. Acting up to his responsibilities,dispensing justice with propriety and reasonaccording to a high code of ethics, Frontinusexcites our admiration. He administered anextensive and intricate system covering manymiles of territory, and he did it with sin-cerity, honesty, and industry. The Roman water system consisted ofeleven aqueducts. The Appia, the first to beconstructed, was built in the year 312 B.C.The four most important were the Vetus,273 B.C.; Marcia, 144 B.C.; the Novus andClaudia, 38 to 52 a.d. The Novus is thelongest of all aqueducts, being sixty-twomiles in length, and is constructed of brickmasonry lined with concrete. The Claudiais built of cut stone of huge dimensions, itsnoble and impressive arches stretching acrossthe plains of Campagna for some nine milesand reaching a height of 109 feet at the out-skirts of the city. The Claudia has a tunnel
Text Appearing After Image:
Sand and pebble catch-tanks on line of Marcia Aqueduct, near Tivoli. The catch-tanks are of small stone,Marcia of dimension stone 16 SAN FRANCISCO WATER October, 1025 three miles in length, with a cross-section ofthree by seven feet. This tunnel was builtby hammer and chisel and by building a fireagainst the heading and throwing water onthe hot rock. Part of the present city systemis supplied by three ancient aqueducts, whichhave undergone repairs and restorations.One of the modern aqueducts of the city wasbuilt in the year 1585, largely of materialfrom the ruins of the Claudia. One aqueduct received its supply north ofthe city, the others from the east and thesoutheast. The Vetus and the Novus securedtheir supply from the Anio River. The Mar-cia and the Claudia had their source insprings that flowed an enormous quantity ofwater. The discharge capacity of the totalof these aqueducts is extremely problem-atical. Estimates and calculations made bydifferent engineers van- from 60,000,000

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