File:Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists (1920) (14596876280).jpg

Identifier: scientificapplie00krae (find matches)
Title: Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists
Year: 1920 (1920s)
Authors: Kraemer, Henry, 1868-1924
Subjects: Pharmacognosy
Publisher: New York, Wiley
Contributing Library: The Library of Congress
Digitizing Sponsor: The Library of Congress

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. Rosa Gallica.—Red Rose.—The petals of Rosa gallica (Fam.Rosaceae), a shrub indigenous to southern Europe and probablywestern Asia, and extensively cultivated in all parts of the world.The petals are obtained from cultivated plants before the expansionof the flower, the lower clawed portion usually being removed;they are used fresh or are carefully dried and preserved. The chiefsupply of the drug is from the southern portion of France. Description.—Imbricated, numerous, usually in small cones;petals broadly ovate, the upper part rose-colored and retuse, thelower part brownish-red, more or less rounded, acute or truncate,with numerous papillae and fine longitudinal veins; texture velvety;odor agreeable; taste astringent and slightly bitter. Inner Structure.—(Fig. 138.) The upper epidermal cells modi-fied to conical papillae and containing a purplish-red cell sap, a loosemesophyll composed of 2 to 10 rows of cells, in among which are the 306 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY
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ymamxD&KC&d Fig. 138.—Rosa Gallica: A, surface view of the ventral or upper surface of petal,showing polygonal cells, the radiating line indicating the folds formed bythe papillae. B, surface view of cells on the dorsal or lower surface of thepetal with inner projections being sometimes of a T-shape. C, cross-sectionfrom the middle of the petal, showing the upper epidermal cells with papillae(v), loose mesophyll cells (m), some of which contain small crystals of calciumoxalate (fc) and starch grains (st); and cells of lower epidermis in which the ROSE HIPS 307 fibrovascular bundles with spiral tracheae, and a lower epidermis ofrectangular cells filled with a purplish-red cell sap. Constituents.—Volatile oil in a small amount; a yellow, crystallineglucoside quercitrin, which yields, on decomposition, quercetin;tannin and gallic acids. The coloring principle is soluble in waterand alcohol and gives a deep yellowish-red color with acids; a greencolor changing to brown with al

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