File:The animals and man; an elementary textbook of zoology and human physiology (1911) (14598154130).jpg

Identifier: animansmanelemen00kell (find matches)
Title: The animans and man; an elementary textbook of zoology and human physiology
Year: 1911 (1910s)
Authors: Kellogg, Vernon L. (Vernon Lyman), 1867-1937 McCracken, Mary Isabel
Subjects: Zoology Physiology
Publisher: New York, H. Holt and company
Contributing Library: MBLWHOI Library
Digitizing Sponsor: MBLWHOI Library

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in Chapmans Bird-Life, and Chapters VIII and IX in BaskettsStory of the Birds. Structure and habit.—In connection with learning thedifferent kinds of birds in a locality, observations should bemade, and notes of them recorded, on their habits, and ontheir external structure and its relation to the habits of thebird. The interesting adaptation of structure to specialuse is particularly well shown in the varying character ofthe bill and feet of birds. The various feeding habits anduses of the feet of different birds are readily observed. Thecharacters of bills and feet are much used in the classifica-tion of birds, so that any knowledge of them gained primarilyin the study of adaptations will have a secondary use inclassification work. 228 THE ANIMALS AND MAN Note the foot of the robin, bluebird, catbird, wren, warb-ler, and other passerine or perching birds. It has threeunwebbed toes in front and a long hind toe perfectly oppos-able to the middle front one. This is the perching foot.
Text Appearing After Image:
FIG. 120. Ostriches ongraph from life.) ostrich-farm at Pasadena, California. (Photo- Note the so-called zygodactyl foot of the woodpecker, withtwo toes projecting in front and partly yoked together, andtwo similarly yoked projecting behind. Note the webbedswimming-foot of the aquatic birds; note the different de-grees of webbing, from the totipalmate, where all four toesare completely webbed, palmate, where the three front toesonly are bound together but the web runs out to the claws, THE VERTEBRATES: BIRDS 229 to the semi-palmate, where the web runs out only abouthalf-way. Note the lobate foot of the coots and phalaropes.Note the long, slender, wading legs of the sandpipers, snipe,and other shore-birds; the short, heavy, strong leg of thedivers; the small, weak leg of the swifts and humming-

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