File:The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution; (1902) (14579041640).jpg

Identifier: naturalhistoryof02kern (find matches)
Title: The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;
Year: 1902 (1900s)
Authors: Kerner von Marilaun, Anton, 1831-1898 Oliver, Francis Wall, 1864- Macdonald, Mary Frances Ewart Busk, Marian Balfour, Lady
Subjects: Botany
Publisher: London, Blackie
Contributing Library: NCSU Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: NCSU Libraries

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he spores to escape. These tubes look like horns tothe naked eye. Usually several galls occur together on the same leaf. They areconspicuous at some distance on account of their colour. The chlorophyll isdestroyed wherever the mycelium of the parasite extends and a reddish-yellow FUNGUS-GALLS ON STEMS. 521 colour takes its place, so that orange spots appear on the surface of the foliage,contrasting vividly with the green of the unaltered portions of the leaf. Galls rising from sharply defined parts of the stem are comparatively rare.One of the most remarkable is produced on the stems of a Laurel (LaurmCanariensis) by the parasitic Exohasidium Lauri. When it appears above thebark it looks like an aerial root, but rapidly grows into a branched spongy body8-12 cm. long similar in appearance to one of the Fungi belonging to the familyClavarieje (cf. fig. 195\ p. 21). The galls produced by Entyloma Aschersonii andMagnusii on the Composites Helichrysum arenarium and Gnaplialiiim luteo-album
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Fig. 357.—Fungus-galls. > Gall on the stem of the Juniper (Juniperus communis) produced by Gymnosporangitim clavariotfonne. « Gall ou the leavesof Aronia rotundifoUa produced by Gymnosporangium i take the form of outgrowths, varying from the size of a pea to that of a walnut,developed from special spots on the root. Whether the spherical tubercles growingon the root-fibres of many Leguminosse, especially those of the Birds-foot Trefoil(Lotus corniculatus), the Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-grcecum), Ladys-Fingei-s(Anthyllis Vulneraria), Lupin (Lupinus variabilis), and the Liquorice (Glycyrrhizaglabra) are to be regarded as true galls caused by the Bacteria-like organismsinvariably to be found in their interior is questionable. According to the mostrecent investigations they are the outward expression of a case of symbiosis andnot of pure parasitism. Gall developments which involve whole roots or rootlets are found on the Alder(Alnus glutinosa), and on the Cabbage (Brassica olerac

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