File:The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution; (1902) (14762652491).jpg

Identifier: naturalhistoryof02kern (find matches)
Title: The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;
Year: 1902 (1900s)
Authors: Kerner von Marilaun, Anton, 1831-1898 Oliver, Francis Wall, 1864- Macdonald, Mary Frances Ewart Busk, Marian Balfour, Lady
Subjects: Botany
Publisher: London, Blackie
Contributing Library: NCSU Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: NCSU Libraries

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and sometimes hollowed out into the shape of anurn (see p. 157). It also enters into the structure of certain fleshy succulent collec-tive fruits, which aflbrd such an important article of food in hot countries, viz. the figsof Ficus, and the Bread-fruit of Artocarpus incisa. Sometimes the perianth alsotakes part in the formation of the fruit, as, for instance, in the Mulberry (Morus),where it is converted into a fleshy envelope inclosing the fruit. On the other hand,in several other Viridiflorae the perianth is almost completely suppressed. InDorsteniaceae and Moraceae the stamen-filaments are inflexed in the bud, and springup after the perianth has opened, scattering the pollen-dust in the air (see fig. 229,p. 137). The filaments are straight in the flowers of the other families. The embryois curved in most cases. There is either a very small quantity of endosperm or noneat all. The Viridiflorae are found in all parts of the world. The Ulmaceas extend ANGIOSPERM^, DICOTYLEDONES. 7CJ
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Fig. 431.—The Beech (Fagus sylvatica\ 762 THE SUBDIVISIONS OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM. beyond 66° north latitude and 36° south latitude. Representatives of Viridiflorajare most abundant in the tropics. Fossil remains occur in the deposits of theMesozoic and Tertiary Periods. The presence of leaves of a Bread-fruit tree (Arto-carpus Diclcsoni) in Greenland chalk, and of quantities of remains of Ulmaceae(Celtis, Zelkova, Ulmus) in the Miocene strata, are points of special interest. Tlicnumber of species ascertained to exist at the present day is about 1000. Alliance XLIV.—Amentales. Families: Betulaceoe, Corylacece, Cupuliferce, Juglandacece, Myricaccoe, Casuarinece, Salicacecc. Are all large shrubs and forest trees, forming a very conspicuous feature in thelandscape in temperate climates. The flowers are unisexual and arranged incatkins or heads. Pollination is by wind, and, in the majority of cases, a perianthis wanting. In the Cupuliferse, in which it is present, it is inconspicu

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