File:The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution; (1902) (14763519734).jpg

Identifier: naturalhistoryof02kern (find matches)
Title: The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;
Year: 1902 (1900s)
Authors: Kerner von Marilaun, Anton, 1831-1898 Oliver, Francis Wall, 1864- Macdonald, Mary Frances Ewart Busk, Marian Balfour, Lady
Subjects: Botany
Publisher: London, Blackie
Contributing Library: NCSU Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: NCSU Libraries

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theTnum nyniphceoides) do these structures, which may be classed togetheras hooked bristles and hooked prickles, occur on the seeds themselves; usually theyare appendages of the pericarp, and as such exhibit every degree of size possible,from the delicate, hooked bristles on the small nutlets of the Enchanters Nightshade(Circcea, see figs. 477 ^ and 477 ^) to the thick, firm claws on the fruits of the AfricanHarpoon Fruit (Harpagophytum procwunhens). The hooked spines of the latterfruits attain to the size of crows feet, and are a notorious source of vexation to DISPERSAL BY ANIMALS. 871 ruminant animals, both wild and tame. In the Transvaal and on the Orancre Riverthe spring-boks sometimes tread upon them unawares, and when that happens tliesharp claws grasp the hoof and the animal is driven to frenzy by the pain andgallops madly away, but is unable to set itself free from the instrument of torture.It is often several days before the capsule breaks up and falls off. The fruits, which
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» Galium Apaiine. 2 Hooked bristles of the fruit of the same. « Hedysarum Canadense. * A piece of the lumentum of thosame. * Hookeil bristles of Hedysarum Canadense. « Cynoglossxim pictum. 1 Hooked prickles on the fruits of the same.8 Circtjea Lutetiana. » Hooked bristles on the fruit of the same. 10 Torilin Anthriscus. »• Single fruit of TorilU AnOiriteuM.12 Curved prickles on this fruit. 13 Lappayo racemosa. >« Single fruiting spike of tho same, n Setaria verticiltata.16 Fruit-bearing branchlet with involucral bristles from a spike of Setaria verticillata. > Bideixs bipiiniata. * Singlefruit of the same, i^ Fruit of Caccinia strigosa. 20 Hooked prickles on the fruit of Caccinia utriyuia. , *, », 1, », >. »,14 16 IS and 20 magnified. are armed with hooked bristles or prickles, are so numerous that even a supL-rticialaccount of them cannot be undertaken here, and we must content ourselves withmentioning a few of the most remarkable forms. Amongst these are the aips

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