File:The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution; (1902) (14765575185).jpg

Identifier: naturalhistoryof02kern (find matches)
Title: The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;
Year: 1902 (1900s)
Authors: Kerner von Marilaun, Anton, 1831-1898 Oliver, Francis Wall, 1864- Macdonald, Mary Frances Ewart Busk, Marian Balfour, Lady
Subjects: Botany
Publisher: London, Blackie
Contributing Library: NCSU Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: NCSU Libraries

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by a tissue or surroundedby any particular envelope. They are, moreover, always separate, and have theappearance of a miniature plantation. A different state of aflfairs is found in thatgroup of Fungi known as the Ascomycetes, a group which includes, amongst well- SPORES AND THALLIDIA. 19 known plants, the genera Morchella and Helvetia (of. fig. 194), Lichens, and alsoseveral mould-like forms, notably the Erysiphege, which produce Mildew, andClaviceps, which is the cause of Ergot of Rye. In these plants the ends of thehyphse stand up from restricted areas of the mycelium, some in the form of longclavate tubes, some as delicate filiform paraphyses, the group of tubes andparaphyses being surrounded by other cellular structures in such a manner thatthe whole has the appearance of a dish or cup or capsule. The protoplasm in thetubes breaks up and forms either ellipsoidal bodies arranged usually in linearseries (cf. fig. 194^) or long fascicled threads, which, whilst still inclosed in the
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Fig. 194.—Discomycetes. The >rorel (Morchella escnlenta). 2 Longitudinal section from the hymenium of Morchella esculenta showing five fllnmentae.ich containing eight spores and filiform paraphyses in between them, s Helotium Tuba. * Anthopeziza Winteri.5 reziza vesiculosa. « Helvella In/ula. 7 Helvellafistulosa. 1, *, 5, 6^ 7 natural size ; 3x4; 2x120. tubes, put on a stout cell-wall. The name of asci (do-K6s = a leather bag) has beengiven to these sporangia, and asco.^pores to the spores which they contain. Theyare destitute of cilia, the distinguishing mark of zoospores, and have no power ofindependent motion after their extrusion from the tubes, which takes place througha rent at the top. There is great variety in the mode of grouping, as also in the envelopment ofthe sporogenous tubes in different genera and species. When the tubes grow fromthe bottom of flask-shaped excavations or pits, the whole structure is spoken of asa, perithecium; if they stand in a shallow patellifo

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