File:The railroad and engineering journal (1887) (14755401931).jpg

Identifier: railroadengineer63newy (find matches)
Title: The railroad and engineering journal
Year: 1887 (1880s)
Authors:
Subjects: Railroad engineering Engineering Railroads
Publisher: New York : M.N. Forney
Contributing Library: Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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atter they are not suitable for opposing masses ofice. In order to reduce the contraction, the starlingsshould be made very long and terminate in a point. Thus,we see that it is impossible to satisfy the above conditionsat the same time. According to the peculiar circum-stance under which the pier is to be designed, properconsideration must be made. To prevent contraction asmuch as possible, the surface of the starling should notmake an angle with the flanks of the pier, but the sidefaces must be continuous with the faces of the starlings.This condition can be fulfilled by making the starling aconvex curve and the flanks tangent planes to the curve. For the purpose of determining the best form of star-lings, experiments have been made by many hydraulic en-gineers. The forms of starlings with which the experi-ments were made are rectangle, triangle (rectangular),triangle (equilateral), semi-circle, triangle (mixtilinear). 14 THE RAILROAD AND (January. 1889. TWENTY.TON HY-DRAULIC CRANE.
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Vol. LXIII, No. I.) ENGINEERING JOURNAL. 15 ellipse, triangle mixtilinear concave, etc. These experi-ments show that whenever the Hanks of the pier are con-nected to the starling by a curve which is a tangent tothem, the water does not surmount the springing of thearches, and there is no fall produced at the shoulder, buttwo other currents are formed by the side which surroundthe pier. The velocity in that case is not great, and therapid currents are more remote from the pier. The ellip-tical pier IS advantageous on account of producing lesscontraction compared with other forms. In the case of anequilateral triangular pier, the greatest fall occurs at theangle of the shoulder ; but in a rectangular one, at a pointa little removed from it. In the former there is a deficiencyin solidity. The equilateral triangle mixtilinear has thecombined advantages of producing the smallest amountof contraction, having at the same lime sufficient solidityat the projecting angle. For the same reason an

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