File:The structure and classification of birds (1898) (14563900559).jpg

Identifier: cu31924022531309 (find matches)
Title: The structure and classification of birds
Year: 1898 (1890s)
Authors: Beddard, Frank E. (Frank Evers), 1858-1925
Subjects: Birds Birds
Publisher: London, New York (etc.) Longmans, Green, and co.
Contributing Library: Cornell University Library
Digitizing Sponsor: MSN

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dor), Gyparchus (or Gypagus, king vul-ture), Cathartes (turkeyvulture), and Bhinogry-phus. They all have, sofar as is known, the oilgland nude, twelve rec-trices, no aftershaft, andare aquincubital. The tongue is largeand fleshy, with denticul-ations of its upturnedlateral margins. The stomach is nota gizzard. There are nointestinal cceca. The in-testines are 61-inch inGyparchus, 49-inch inCathartes atratus. Ofthe heart of the condorsome observations will befound above (p. 50) ; bothcarotids are present. Theli/oer is equilobed, with agall bladder. There are inGyparchus traces of a crop. The most distinctive feature of the Cathartidse, however,is the windpipe, from which a proper syrinx may be reallysaid to be absent. The only muscles upon the trachea arethe sterno-tracheales, which (in G. papa) are very short andbroad, and arise from the sternum in the middle line, closetogether between the inner ends of the coracoids. Intrinsicsyringeal muscles are entirely absent in the Cathartidse,
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Fig. 228.—Skull of Serpentarius(atteb Hxixley). Pxm^ premaxilla ; Mxp^ maxillo-palatines ; P?;palatine; Pt, pterygoid ; x, basipterygoid process. ■ 482 STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS unless, indeed, their homologues exist ^ in the form of amuscular covering to the terminal purely membranoussection of the bronchus (fig. 229) which, dividing into threeslips, runs from thence to the parietes. There are in anycase no muscles at the actual bifurcation. Nor is there anychange in the character of the rings themselves such as tosuggest even the rudiment of a syrinx. In Gathartesthe rings at the bifurcation are extraordinarily thin, leav-ing wide membranous intervals, which are occasionallytraversed by bridges putting successive rings into communi-cation. In Sarcorhamphus and Gyparchus, which also agree(see below) in their muscle formula, the rings are thickerand closer together (see fig. 229). And in these two generathe bronchi are incomplete internally, giving rise to whatmay be t

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