File:Transactions (1871) (14762047436).jpg

Identifier: transactionsmining53amer (find matches)
Title: Transactions
Year: 1871 (1870s)
Authors: American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers
Subjects: Mineral industries
Publisher: New York (etc.)
Contributing Library: Gerstein - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto

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r cent, carbon, dead-killed steel, made in the samegroup, bottom cast, in Gathmann and in the old-type molds respectively.Split ingots of vanadium-nickel-chrome steel, one cast in a mold of thestandard type and the other cast in a Gathmann-type mold, are shown inFigs. 6 and 7. With a sink-head in combination with the type of mold described thecrop necessary to eliminate pipe and segregation is approximately 10 to12 per cent, of the cold ingot. When the ingots are allowed to solidify in the mold the pipe will beformed to its maximum deptlj. I therefore advocate a fairly early EMIL GATHMANN 345 stripping and rolling of the ingot, the actual time of stripping being gov-erned by the cross-section of the ingot. No expensive change in admin-istrative practice is required in the production of ingots by this method,which is in use by many steel plants, and it may be readily incorporatedin the practice of any of the large steel works without upsetting in anymanner the casting or mill practice.
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Fig. 4.- -Split Ingot, made in Gath-MANN Mold. Fig. 5.—Split Ingot, made in RegularType op Mold. The physically homogeneous condition of the ingot is obviously ofprimary importance in producing sound blooms and jSnished products.The method of blooming such ingots, is, however, also of importance.It has been my experience that in some heating and rolling practice there 346 THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF SOUND STEEL INGOTS is danger at times of actually forming a false pipe, or rather fissure, inthe ingot. This is especially the case where the ingot has been allowed tosoUdify and become cold in the mold. Many mills have found it goodpractice to strip the mold from the ingot before its central portions haveentirely soUdified and place it immediately in the soaking pit or heating

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