File:Gregor Reisch - Margarita philosophica - 4th ed. Basel 1517 - p. VI - Typus grammaticae - 500ppi.jpg

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English: Woodcut entitled Typus gram(m)atic(a)e (“Image of grammar”), showing an allegory/personification of the traditional grammar and the traditional liberal arts, from Gregor Reisch, Margarita philosophica, 4th authorized edition Basel 1517, book I tractatus I, page VI.
Deutsch: Holzschnitt mit dem Titel Typus gram(m)atic(a)e („Bild der Grammatik“), das eine Allegorie bzw. Personifikation der traditionellen Grammatik sowie die Sieben Freien Künste zeigt, aus Gregor Reisch, Margarita philosophica, 4. autorisierte Ausgabe Basel 1517, Buch I tractatus I, Seite VI.

Links unten hält Nikostrate („Nicostrata“), eine römische Göttin, der die Erfindung des lat. Alphabetes zugeschrieben wurde, die Buchstabentafel in der Hand. Sie schließt dem Schüler (ganz links unten) den Eingang zum Turm der Wissenschaften auf. Dieser beruht (Erdgeschoss und 1. Stock) auf der traditionellen zweistufigen Lateinschule; diese dürfte mit der „Grammatik“ gemeint sein, welche ja das Bild laut Spruchband oben links darstellen will. Auf der Grammatik als zuerst gelehrter der Sieben Freien Künste bauen nämlich die anderen dieser Künste auf; sie werden in den nächsten beiden Stockwerken durch bedeutende Vertreter personifiziert dargestellt:

  • Zweiter Stock:
    • Logica: Logik (bzw. Dialektik, Vertreter Aristoteles)
    • (r)ethorica, poesis: Rhetorik und Dichtung (!), Vertreter: Tullius (Cicero)
    • Arith(metica): Arithmetik, Vertreter: [nicht lesbar]
  • Dritter Stock:
    • Musica: Musik, Vertreter: Pythagoras
    • geometria: Geometrie, Vertreter: Euklik
    • Astrono(m)ia: Astronomie, Vertreter: Ptolemaios

Im obersten Stockwerk sind die darauf aufbauenden beiden Hauptteile der Philosophie dargestellt (der dritte traditionelle Hauptteil, die Logik, wurde ja schon im zweiten Stock verortet):

  • phisica: Naturphilosophie, Vertreter: [nicht lesbar]
  • morali(a): Ethik, Vertreter: Seneca
Ganz oben auf dem Turm steht dann, als Bekrönung der Wissenschaften, die Theologia seu Methaphy(sica), Theologie bzw. Metaphysik, die durch Petrus Lombardus verkörpert wird, weil dessen Sententiae traditionell dem Theologiestudium zugrunde lagen.
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English: Own scan. This scan has been made from a good reprint of the Margarita philosophica, ed. by Lutz Geldsetzer, Düsseldorf: Stern-Verlag 1973 (Instrumenta philosophica, Series thesauri, vol. I). This is not a copyright problem, because the original book is in public domain (Reisch died in 1525), and therefore both the simple reproduction in the reprint and this digital image are in public domain, too.
Author Gregor Reisch (original drawing); UnknownUnknown (artist of the woodcut unknown); Aristeas (scan)
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current09:28, 10 July 2015Thumbnail for version as of 09:28, 10 July 20152,584 × 3,370 (4.01 MB)Aristeas (talk | contribs)== {{int:filedesc}} == {{Information |Description ={{en|1=Woodcut entitled ''Typus gram(m)atic(a)e'' (“Image of grammar”), showing an allegory/personification of the traditional grammatic, from Gregor Reisch, ''Margarita phil...

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