File:India-Pakistan Border at Night.jpg
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Summary[edit]
DescriptionIndia-Pakistan Border at Night.jpg |
English: An astronaut aboard the International Space Station took this nighttime panorama while looking north across Pakistan’s Indus River valley. The port city of Karachi is the bright cluster of lights facing the Arabian Sea, which appears completely black. City lights and the dark color of dense agriculture closely track with the great curves of the Indus valley. For scale, the distance from Karachi to the foothills of the Himalaya Mountains is 1,160 kilometers (720 miles).
This photograph shows one of the few places on Earth where an international boundary can be seen at night. The winding border between Pakistan and India is lit by security lights that have a distinct orange tone. Another night image (click here) shows the border zone looking southeast from the Himalaya. A daylight view shows the vegetated bends of the Indus Valley winding through the otherwise desert country. More than two millennia ago, Alexander the Great entered the Indus plains in 327 BCE from the northwest. He then spent many months leading his army and navy down the length of the Indus valley shown in this view. From near Karachi, he then began the desert march back to Mesopotamia (modern Iraq). By contrast, it takes the space station just three minutes to travel this distance. |
Date | 23 September 2015, 17:15:48 GMT |
Source | NASA Earth Observatory |
Author | ISS Expedition 45 crew |
Camera location | 30° 30′ 00″ N, 70° 00′ 00″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 30.500000; 70.000000 |
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This image or video was catalogued by Johnson Space Center of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Photo ID: ISS045-E-27869. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing. Other languages:
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Image acquired with a Nikon D4 digital camera using a 28 millimeter lens, and is provided by the ISS Crew Earth Observations Facility and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Johnson Space Center.
Licensing[edit]
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This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was solely created by NASA. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (See Template:PD-USGov, NASA copyright policy page or JPL Image Use Policy.) | ||
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current | 19:08, 5 October 2015 | 4,928 × 3,280 (5.3 MB) | Udonknome (talk | contribs) | User created page with UploadWizard |
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- Frontière entre l'Inde et le Pakistan
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D4 |
Exposure time | 1/5 sec (0.2) |
F-number | f/1.4 |
ISO speed rating | 8,000 |
Date and time of data generation | 17:15, 23 September 2015 |
Lens focal length | 28 mm |
User comments | NASA 2071126 81.5F |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CC 2014 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 16:16, 1 October 2015 |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 17:15, 23 September 2015 |
APEX shutter speed | 2.321928 |
APEX aperture | 0.970854 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 1 APEX (f/1.41) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 10 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 10 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 10 |
Color space | Uncalibrated |
Focal plane X resolution | 1,368.888885498 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 1,368.888885498 |
Focal plane resolution unit | 3 |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 28 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | High gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Serial number of camera | 2071126 |
Lens used | 28.0 mm f/1.4 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Date metadata was last modified | 12:16, 1 October 2015 |
Unique ID of original document | 879DCADD4F3DE1AC06A46A4A895B8F07 |
IIM version | 24,960 |