File:Annual report of the Regents (1900) (14592498720).jpg

Identifier: annualreportof5421900newy (find matches)
Title: Annual report of the Regents
Year: 1889 (1880s)
Authors: New York State Museum University of the State of New York. Board of Regents
Subjects: New York State Museum Science
Publisher: Albany : J.B. Lyon, State Printer
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library

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first, and those most affected,last. This method of decoration requires repeated burning, but itpermits a variety and richness of color not attainable in under-glazed work. In preparing these colors, it is highly essential that they beground as finely as possible, and underglaze colors are generallymixed with water before being applied, the porous body of the tileabsorbing the moisture and causing the color to cling to it. If thisdoes not happen, the color must be mixed with oil, in which case theware must be fired lightly at first, to burn it off. At the present day, where a number of tile with the samedesign are made, the design is applied mechanically. This iseffected by a process of printing, the pattern being printed on paperfrom a plate and this transferred to the tile. Usually but. onecolor at a time can be printed on the paper. But in more recentyears it has been found possible by a, process of chromolithographyto print several colors on the ware at once. QO hea o OS^-< O o
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CLAYS OF NEW YORK 781 FIEE CLAYS Definition. Strictly speaking the term fire clay can be said toinclude those clays which are able to withstand a high temperature.Regarding the condition of the plasticity, the shrinkage in dryingand burning, the texture, and color, no fixed rules can be laiddown; for, except in refractoriness, fire clays show a wide variationin physical characters. Refractoriness. The degree of temperature which a fire clayshould be able to withstand without fusing has not been entirelysettled in this country, but in Europe, specially in Germany, a clayis not considered refractory unless its fusing point lies above2700° F. E^evertheless many of the clays denominated fire clays whichare marketed in this country are not up to this standard, whileothers are far above it. The color of fire clays varies, but theyare not infrequently colored bluish gray, gray or black by organicmatter. Some of those mined on Staten Island are pure white oryellowish white, but at the same t

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