File:Frost and fire - natural engines, tool-marks and chips - with sketches taken at home and abroad by a traveller (1864) (14779495164).jpg

Identifier: frostfirenatural04camp (find matches)
Title: (Frost and fire : natural engines, tool-marks and chips : with sketches taken at home and abroad by a traveller)
Year: 1864 (1860s)
Authors: Campbell, J. F. (John Francis), 1822-1885
Subjects: Glaciers Meteorology Geology
Publisher: (Edinburgh : s.n.
Contributing Library: National Library of Scotland
Digitizing Sponsor: National Library of Scotland

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va, streams musthave done to rocks, from the time when the first shower fell,and the first stream began to flow. So ancient river-marksought to be found on the oldest rocks, and these ought to re-semble modem river-marks. Clouds rise up from earth and sea. A river takes its rise inthe clouds, from which drops fall Fallen drops collect androll from hills into hollows, and so a river grows. On thestony top of a granite mountain puddles may be seen formingduring a shower. They fill from above, overflow, and so helpto fill lower hoUows in every rock and stone. These, in theirturn, overflow and send off larger rills, wliich take the shortestway towards the earths centre, and roll down the steepestslope. Streams wliich flow straight down steep hill-sides mustcut straight furrows, if they cut at alL Such trenches maybe seen on the flanks of Icelandic volcanos, which have grownup in modem times; and on the sides of steep hills every-where, and this river-mark always has the same general form.
Text Appearing After Image:
RIVERS. 95 The steeper tlie mountain, the straighter are its gorges ; thedeejjer the trench dug by rain, the more rain-water tends togather in it; the water makes a path, and follows it, and itworks faster as the work grows deeper. The mark is like V- For this cause an ancient mountain, which has borne thebrunt of the battle for a long time without the shelter of thesea, generally is so deeply furrowed, that little of the old shaperemams. A cone, for instance, is grooved and fluted intosteep peaks and ridges which meet at the highest point wherewater falls. The mountain is weathered, and becomes a rain-mark, imless it dives under water for protection. The shapeis like /\. The mark which a river engraves on a country-side, is likea flat branch. Rain-pools are leaves and buds, rills are twigs,and ri\adets branches which spring from a stem whose rootsare in the delta at the sea. The plan, at first, is a repetition of the forms of the lettersV and Y, in which straight lines meet at variou

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