File:Guidebook for the identification of woods used for ties and timbers (1917) (14756778271).jpg

Identifier: guidebookforiden00fore (find matches)
Title: Guidebook for the identification of woods used for ties and timbers
Year: 1917 (1910s)
Authors: Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.) Koehler, Arthur
Subjects: Trees Railroad ties Wood Timber
Publisher: Washington : Govt. print. off.
Contributing Library: University of British Columbia Library
Digitizing Sponsor: University of British Columbia Library

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the appearance of being more numerous. Pith Becks com-mon. SILVER MAPLE, p. 51. RED MAPLE, p. .V.\BB. Color deep reddish brown. Springwood slightly more porous than summerwood.Sapwood narrow. Pith Hecks common. Wood moderately heavy. BLACK CHERRY,p.52. 3. Rays comparatively fine, narrower than the largest pores. AA. Pores visible without a lens. (a) Pores comparatively large and conspicuous without a lens, decreasing in sizetoward the outer limit of each annual ring; not crowded. Fine tangentiallines of parenchyma often visible between the pores. (aa) Sapwood wide, usually over 3 inches in ties. (Pores often in a more orless well-defined zone in the springwood, therefore also classed asring-porous woods.) (a3) Heartwood black or brownish black. Rays in tiers, appearingon the tangential surface as fine bands ninning across the grain. Wood very, very heavy PERSIMMON, \<. is. (b3) Heartwood reddish brown. Rays not in tiers. Wood heavy. WATER HICKORY, p. I.. 32 IDKNTIFICATIOX OF WOODS.
Text Appearing After Image:
IDENTIFICATION OF WOODS. 33 (bb) Sapwood narrow, mostly under 2 inches in ties; white or discolored;heartwood brown.(a3) Wood heavy and hard. Heartwood chocolate brown. BLACK WALNUT, p. 52.(b3) Wood moderately light and soft. Heartwood light chestnut brown BUTTERNUT, p. 53. (b) Pores smaller, but on careful examination still clearly visible without a lens,at least in the springwood. (aa) Pores not crowded, decreasing little, if any, in size toward the outerlimit of the annual ring. Rays distinct under a lens. Heart-wood pale to moderately deep reddish brown. Wood heavy.(a3) Pith flecks rare. Inner bark has a wintergreen flavor. YELLOW BIRCH, p. 53.SWEET BIRCH, p. 54.i b3) lith flecks abundant. Inner bark does not have a wintergreen flavor RIVER BIRCH, p. 54. (bb) Pores crowded, decreasing somewhat in size and number toward theouter limit of each annual ring. Rays very fine, barely visible witha lens. Pith flecks occasionally present but not abundant. Woodlight and soft. Color white to

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