File:Harper's New Monthly Magazine Volume 34 December 1886 to May 1887 (1887) (14596424758).jpg

Identifier: harpersnew72various (find matches)
Title: Harper's New Monthly Magazine Volume 34 December 1886 to May 1887
Year: 1887 (1880s)
Authors: various
Subjects:
Publisher: New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers
Contributing Library: Brigham Young University-Idaho, David O. McKay Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Brigham Young University-Idaho

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ining this anthracine from crude pe-troleum, or the petroleum tar obtained asa refuse product in the distillation of pe-troleum for the purpose of producing ker-osene. Lubricating oil for journals work-ing under light pressure is as good assperm-oil. In fact, such railroads as theLondon and North western, the war ships ofEngland, and the cotton factories of Man-chester and New England use parafRneoils in preference to animal or vegetableoils. The former Avill not spontaneouslyignite. Mineral lubricating oil costs onlya tenth as much as sperm-oil. The medicinal A^alue of petroleum andits products, especially for i^heumatismand sores, has long been recognized. Itsmost important use is in vaseline, whichis conceded to be almost without a rival asa base for ointments; and for pnany dis-eases, such as consumption, bronchitis,phthisis, etc., its internal use has beenrecommended. Further experiments arenecessary to define its full value as a re-medial agent. 250 HARPERS m:W MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
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■J ca In the matter of refined oil thereare various grades adapted to differ-ent markets or legal requirements.The ordinary standard for the oil ofcommerce is 100°flash test,Tagliabuetester, and 110° fire test. Diflerentinstruments have been devised totest the quality of oil, but the princi-ple of all is the same. An open orinclosed cup containing oil in whicha thermometer is submerged is heat-ed by means of a spirit-lamp. Aseach increasing degree of heat isregistered, a lighted taper is rapidlypassed over the surface to detectthe existence of naphtha or gaseousmatter. The lowest temperature atwhich the oil evolves an inflamma-ble vapor is noted and fixed as theflashing-point. The heat is in-tensified and the experiment contin-ued until the oil itself ignites. Theformer is the flash test, the latterthe fire test. An inflammable vaporsuch as a low grade of oil gives oft*at even a low temperature is, whenmixed with atmospheric air, say inthe proportion of one to five, a verydangerou

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