File:The Quarterly journal of the Geological Society of London (12960190415).jpg

PALEOLITHIC IMPLEMENTS AT CEAYFOED.
545
the present surface, the lowest nearly six feet lower. This area was
thickly covered with chips for the space of about ten feet north and
south, and, as far as I know at present, fifteen feet east and west,
or parallel to the cliff; but I expect that it will be found to extend
further.
The fragments of flint lay touching each other, in parts to a thick-
ness of several inches, and had fallen so lightly that in several places
there were minute cavities underneath the mass of larger and flatter
flakes.
A few small pieces of bone were found immediately beneath the
layer ; but above could be seen fine specimens, and smaller ones in
abundance, mostly incrusted with sand, cemented by iron oxide to
the bones, and this occasionally included one or more flakes in the
mass (fi.g. 2). Chips are found connected together by the same means.
Pig. 2. — A Flint Flahe ivhich has been used at the side and butt end,
adherent, by its upper surface, to a portion of the sandy matrix
in ivhich it was found imbedded, l^atural size.
The flakes, when first taken from the sand, are in most cases quite
new and clean, always so on the lower side, very slightly discoloured
with dust or iron on the upper. Many are studded with small con-
cretions of white carbonate of lime.
Though the workman had abundance of material to work on, he
seems to have found the flints very obstinate, as may be seen from
the difficulty he had in procuring good heart pieces of flint and the
patient way he chipped away the outside.
That he worked on the spot is evident. As I noticed before, the
flakes lie lightly on each other ; they are perfectly free from the
slightest abrasion such as must have occurred had the edges rubbed
over each other by the action of water ; they did not fall from the
clifl" into the water, for occasionally long flakes broken in two have
been seen, which could not have occurred had water intervened ;