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92 PHOCEteDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. .Jan. 9,
The most convenient term for the whole series is that used by
Mr. Searles Wood, jun., " the Lower Brick-earths," under which
name they are described in this essay.
§3. Sections: a. Ilford. The mammaliferous deposits at Ilford
consist of lenticular masses of stratified Brick-earth and fine river-
gravels, and sands that are very variable in section. Those lying
on the west side of the road from Ilford to Barking, immediately to
the north of a rectangular entrenchment, probably of Eoman date,
that occupies the angle made by the junction of a small affluent
with the river Eoding, constitute the Uphall brickfields, elevated
about 30 feet above the alluvium of the Thames. The pit in which
the remarkable skull of Rhinoceros leptoi-Mnus, Owen, was found by
Mr. Antonio Brady in 1865, presented the following section (Pig. 1).
I'ig. 1. — Section at Uphall Pit, Ilford, south side.
— Surface-soil, from 1 to 3 feet.
— Irregularly stratified brick-earth and gravel, 6 feet.
Irregular layer of flint-gravel, 1 foot.
^^ — Fine red and grey sandy loam, 4 feet.
" Fine sands and chocolate-coloured brick-earths, 6 feet.
Yellow sand and gravel.
The base of the pit (No. 1) consisted of yellow sand and gravel,
composed of flint for the most part, but with a few pebbles of
quartz, and containing shells of Anodon and Corhicida. It is the
surface water-bearing stratum of the district, and rests on the
London Clay. Immediately above this is a series (N'o. 2) of fine
sands and chocolate -coloured Brick-earths containing layers of
pebbles, clayey bands, and layers of shells, which are of the usual
species and very abundant. Prom near the bottom of this, Mr.
Brady obtained the very remarkable skull above mentioned, and
a vast quantity of other remains, which will be enumerated in
the tabulated list of mammals from the Lower Brick-earths of
the Thames Valley. There are numerous concretions also of car-
bonate of lime, and specimens of Helix nemoimlis. On this is super-
imposed (No. 3) a fine red and grey sandy loam, with its stratified
layers rippled, and containing large quantities of shells and bones.
At its base is a layer of shells passing into a band of pebbles ;
and on this rested (the workmen informed me) the large head
of the Mammoth that is preserved in the British Museum, having one
of its tusks still occupying the alveolus. Next to this comes an
irregular layer of gravel (No. 4) composed of flint, both angular and
waterworn, of pebbles derived directly from the Eocene beds and from