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222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. .Jan. 6,
These fossils were discovered, a few days ago, by Dr. Leith of the
Bombay Service, and as he is an acute and dihgent observer and well-
acquainted with his subject, I think, before very long, these beds
will be thoroughly investigated.
I am preparing an account of the geology of the island, but it is so
closely connected with that of the main land, that I am loath to say
much upon the one until I am better acquainted with the details of
the other.
I have however succeeded, in the course of the past year, in esta-
blishing some rather interesting facts relating to the trap district, and
a sketch of these I propose, at the risk of becoming very tedious, to
relate.
Ghauts 4000-4600 feet. g
+
24 miles
From this section it appears that the Ghauts are a step or scarp,
rather than a regular mountain range. Upon the scarp, however,
are many hills, commonly the abrupt ends of long ranges which
traverse the Deccan E. and W. for from 50 to 300 miles. (B) is
such a mountain.
The Deccan rocks are traps, chiefly greenstone and amygdaloid,
capped with basalt. Their dip is very slight, and not discernible upon
distances of less than a mile or two. It is however easterly, and this
is shown by the occurrence of a pecuUar bed near the top of the Ghaut
mountains, and low down on the outlying mountain (C) above Poonah.
AAer extending from two to three hundred miles eastward or inland,
the trap is found to overlie gneiss and other metamorphic, as well as
some later rocks.
The rocks of Bombay and the western margin of the Konkun, all
dip west and at a much higher angle. This led me to suppose that
their origin would be in the centre of the anticlinal, and to seek it,
not as some have done in the interior of the peninsula, but in the
middle of the Konkun ; and here, at (A), I found a broad band of very
well-marked craters, extending nearly N. and S., parallel therefore
to the Ghauts, and (which is important to any general theory of
India) ranging with the Laccadive and Maldive band of islands.
Lateral bands of volcanos seem to have been here and there given
off for short distances, producing bays in the general outline of the
Ghauts, of which the most remarkable is that nearly E. of Bombay,
towards Jooneer. Basaltic dykes are numerous, parallel both to the
main and subordinate bands.
The aspect of these volcanos shows that they have been submarine,
land have been covered up by other igneous rocks ; in fact, that they