File:The United States of America; a study of the American commonwealth, its natural resources, people, industries, manufactures, commerce, and its work in literature, science, education, and (14597041207).jpg

Identifier: unitedstatesofam02shal (find matches)
Title: The United States of America; a study of the American commonwealth, its natural resources, people, industries, manufactures, commerce, and its work in literature, science, education, and self-government;
Year: 1894 (1890s)
Authors: Shaler, Nathaniel Southgate, 1841-1906, ed
Subjects: Industries -- United States United States United States -- Civilization
Publisher: New York, D. Appleton and company
Contributing Library: New York Public Library
Digitizing Sponsor: MSN

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ichmond moved from Duxbury to Plymouth in 1630, andwas probably the first tanner in that count)% followed soon afterby a Mr. Cushman at Kingston ; and in 1650 Experience Mitchellwas tanning at the part of Bridgewater called Joppa (now EastBridgewater). As early as 1648 the shoemakers of the colonywere incorporated into a company or guild, with power to regu-late their trade for three years; and at the same time a certainCaptain Matthews had a tannery on his plantation in Virginia,and employed eight shoemakers upon leather tanned and finishedthere. Connecticut in 1656, Rhode Island in 1706, and Pennsylvaniain 1721, made the business of the cordwainer the subject of re-strictive enactments—in the latter State limiting the price of apair of good, plain mens shoes to six shillings six pence, and ofwomens shoes to five shillings. At the time of the occupation ofNew York by the British in 1664, tanning and shoemaking werefirmly established, and had given memorial names to certain oR i fiy
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THE CHANGE TO A MANUFACTURE. l8l localities; and in 1698 we find these trades carried on in Phila-delphia, then in its infancy. Second Period—from 1750 to 1850.From a Trade to a Manufacturing Industry. The hundred years now being considered was, when com-pared with the rapid development of later times, a period of slowbut sure transition. In it the bench was transferred from thedwelling- to the more roomy shop near by, having berths forjourneymen and boys on the seam ; the division of labor wasinstituted—the journeymen on special work heralding the specialmachine operator of a later day ; manual labor in some depart-ments yielded to labor-saving machines of simple structure, pre-cursors of those better constructed and more complex yet tocome; and in the end the shop gave place to the factory, and thetrade became the organized manufacture. There were doubtless at the beginning of the period a fewshops already existing, especially in those places known to havebeen a little later cen

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