User talk:Donald Trung/Archive 415

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Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-27

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"The Road Goes Ever On" is a title that encompasses several walking songs that J. R. R. Tolkien wrote for his Middle-earth legendarium. Within the stories, the original song was composed by Bilbo Baggins and recorded in The Hobbit. Different versions of it also appear in The Lord of the Rings, along with some similar walking songs.

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This Month in Education: June 2022

This Month in Education

Volume 11 • Issue 6 • June 2022

In This Issue

The missing English-language literature on Vietnamese history - Việt Nam is a country born out of war, Đại Nam is a country born out of bureaucracy.

This is a draft message (e-mail) to Associate Professor Lê Minh Khải (黎明凱) about a number of documents on the Wikimedia Commons and information relating to them.

"Dear Kẻ đốt đền,

The Nguyễn Dynasty's Ministry of National Education doesn't exist in English-language literature at all.

One thing I notice is that the actual inner workings of the Nguyễn Dynasty beyond 1883~1884~1885 isn't readily discussed in English-language literature. For example, I literally didn't know about the House of People's Representatives of Annam and the House of People's Representatives of Tonkin until I started mapping things out by reading the Vietnamese-language literature. These two government institutions are simply not discussed in any works on the Protectorates in Vietnam I've come across. The Ministry of National Education is absolutely no exception to this rule. Well, going over it again, I realised that I did find it in English translations by the Vietnam Law Centre, which discussed the Tonkin's House of People's Representatives.

I've come across a number of myths, one is that the Nguyễn Dynasty's Ministry of Education "was created in 1932 (SIC) when sovereign Bảo Đại abandoned the Ministry of War to create a Ministry of Education", this makes little sense as the tasks of education were already done by the Ministry of Rites, thus another myth I encountered stated "In 1907 the Ministry of Rites was renamed the Ministry of Education". But the Ministry of Rites existed until the August Revolution in 1945. Its date of creation isn't the only widespread myth, its name is another one.

The Mình Mang Emperor had to reform it to be a centralisere state where no military coups could happen. He was very much aware that he could easily become a puppet Emperor.But the new system completely disenfranchised literally everyone with power except for him,the Muslims declared a Jihad, Lê Văn Duyet's son declared a new Dynasty the Principality of Ha Town fought against the Nguyễn Dynasty, Siam invaded.A lot was happening at the same time,so his new centralised military was also to be stronger than "the warlord state" he was replacing. Autonomy was completely removed for the principalities. Dozens of Rebellions happened. While Western literature endlessly discusses the Minh Mạng Emperor's persecution of Christians but the Islamic and Hindu populations faced the same treatment.

It is exactly in this context that the strongly demilitarised society was born, the military was even more efficient and powerful in strength,but had no more social Power.This is actually comparable to the Red Army in the Soviet Union which enjoyed a lot of power in its early history,but became a mere bureaucratic institution at the time when the Soviet Umion was one (1) of the two (2) global military powers. The military of Đại-Nam was more powerful under the Minh Mạng Emperor, but both politically and socially weaker.

So why is the Ministry of National Education never discussed? I simply don't know the answer to that, my guess is that the English-language literature just follows whatever the narrative of the Vietnamese is and offer some translations with minor anecdotes. This is how most Western literature on South-East Asia and East Asia generally looks. Only on China is the narrative challenged. Even Japan doesn't maintain the myth of "feudal Japan" anymore, but Western historians haven't caught up yet.

How did hundreds of millions of cash coins enter the market?

This seems like a very straightforward and easy question, but for whatever reason after many years of reading about this subject I've never asked this question and weirdly enough none of the books written by many different people either. But how did cash coins enter the market? The only logical answer is likely government salaries.

What's the world's oldest profession? This is a commonly asked question but almost never is the correct answer given, the correct answer is actually "soldier". The Kingdom of Lydia (likely) invented money and they did this to pay their military. Likewise the way that governments introduce money is always introduced through the government (A) paying its employees (soldiers, bureaucrats, labourers, Etc.), (B) government contractors, and (C) debts to other parties.

The Nguyễn Dynasty government must have been able to place hundreds of thousands of Khải Định Thông Bảo and Bảo Đại Thông Bảo cash coins onto the market. As the latest such documents about the pay to government employees in cash coins I found was from the Duy Tân period.

The Nguyễn Dynasty had multiple mints that were running right up until the Japanese occupation (when the Japanese took copper and forced a zinc coinage onto French Indo-China). So it would make sense that the employees of the Southern Dynasty would receive their compensations in cash coins, even if only partially.

I learned more about the military of the Nguyễn Dynasty.

A large part of the Nguyễn military was converted into French units and also military mandarin commanded local militias under the supervision of French residents, officially the countries of Annam and Tonkin still has their own national militaries which was relegated to police services as the Garde indigène de l'Annam and the Garde indigène du Tonkin, these were nominally still under the Emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty and I have a document (on the Wikimedia Commons) where the Bảo Đại Emperor awards a White European officer in the Garde indigène for building a fortress in the Hoàng Sa archipelago indicating that the Nguyễn Dynasty navy was still intact in 1939.

Now from 1891 the command structure put the military under the command of the Governor-General of French Indochina, but legally the Garde indigène was still a part of the apparatus of the French protectorate of Annam and the French protectorate of Tonkin.

Note that the Garde civil indigène de l'Annam and the Garde civil indigène du Tonkin were actually fully French forces and also were relegated to simple police duties. As for after 1891 half of the Nguyễn Dynasty's military was composed out of White people. But I'm talking here about the legal (de jure) status of the Nguyễn military. Also as the Emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty still signed off on documents relating to the Garde indigène in Annam until 1945 it's safe to say that he was the de jure supreme commander while the de facto were the Resident-Superior of Annam and the Governor-General of French Indochina.

All divisions like the Imperial Guards, Provincial armies and militias, Siege, Elephant, Cavalry, and Infantry have been documented through photographic evidence after French rule. Again, this article just mostly required additional information being added about this military after 1885 as the original author of this page tried to push a point of view where all institutions of the Nguyễn Dynasty were supposedly disbanded in 1885 with the signing of the Treaty of Tientsin. Also, I'd trust the Vietnamese military historians employed by the Vietnamese Government and foreign military historians more than books about the general history of Vietnam by foreign authors, specialised sources by military experts are better than general sources that might not be well researched in every specific area. Also note that the Nguyễn Dynasty still had a Ministry of War (兵部, Binh Bộ) until 1933, my hypothesis is that it was merged together with the Ministry of Punishments (刑部, Hình Bộ) to form the new Ministry of Justice (部司法, Bộ Tư pháp) as the Nguyễn Dynasty military was only allowed to perform police duties since 1884, so it would make sense for these two (2) systems to be merged. But again as I don't have any sources to back this up.

Việt Nam is a country born out of war, Đại Nam is a country born out of bureaucracy.

During the reign of the Minh Mạng Emperor the country's bureaucracy changed severely from being a military bureaucracy to being a civil bureaucracy. Under the Giá Long Emperor thế military was the most important institution Ans this was now changed to become a Manchu Qing-style bureaucracy,though less militaristic. The French had a consistent stereotype during their rule of the Vietnamese people, namely "the Vietnamese are not a war-like people, they prefer to avoid conflict".I hypothesise that this stereotype was born out of interacting with the Confucian civil bureaucracy and seeing a military in service of it. The Mình Mang Emperor had to completely root out military power to have a secure position in power.

The Giá Long Emperor had to forge alliances with the Principality of Ha Tien, Champ, the Christians, the French, Etc. His militæry success depended on having a lot of support from the many different factions within Vietnamese society. His Empire of Vietnam was created out of a decades long struggle with the Tây Sơn Dynasty, a trauma that the Nguyễn would never recover from.

The Mình Mang Emperor had to reform it to be a centralisere state where no military coups could happen. He was very much aware that he could easily become a puppet Emperor.But the new system completely disenfranchised literally everyone with power except for him,the Muslims declared a Jihad, Lê Văn Duyet's son declared a new Dynasty the Principality of Ha Town fought against the Nguyễn Dynasty, Siam invaded.A lot was happening at the same time,so his new centralised military was also to be stronger than "the warlord state" he was replacing. Autonomy was completely removed for the principalities. Dozens of Rebellions happened. While Western literature endlessly discusses the Minh Mạng Emperor's persecution of Christians but the Islamic and Hindu populations faced the same treatment.

It is exactly in this context that the strongly demilitarised society was born, the military was even more efficient and powerful in strength,but had no more social Power.This is actually comparable to the Red Army in the Soviet Union which enjoyed a lot of power in its early history,but became a mere bureaucratic institution at the time when the Soviet Umion was one (1) of the two (2) global military powers. The military of Đại-Nam was more powerful under the Minh Mạng Emperor, but both politically and socially weaker.

The system that the Mình Mang Emperor sét úp would continue to exist until 1945 with only some reforms. A centralised civil bureaucracy would rule the country from this point on. I đón't attribute the failure of the military of Đại-Nam to fight off the French on any institutional weaknesses, merely a large combination of factors. The Great Divergence being the biggest. The French were only to conquer Nam Kỳ because they actively failed to invade the other parts of the country. Many French commanders would continue trying and failing. At this point the technological advantages of the French over the Vietnamese wasn't great enough to allow for an outright conquest, only a few provinces were lost. The Ming Dynasty defeated the Spanish Empire, Portuguese Empire, Dutch Republican Empire, and the British Empire while their navies were at full strength and the Ming's was actively being dismantled by its own government. The Opium Wars happened at a time when the Manchu Qing Dynasty was at war with powerful rebellions, dozens of rebellions happened during the reign of the Xianfeng Emperor and the Qing quickly conceded to the British, French, and Americans what they could to focus more on the much more dangerous Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The West wasn't an existential threat to the Manchu Empire, the Taiping was.

Likewise, the Vietnamese Navy defeated the British Empire in the early 1800's right after a decades long war. In none of these instances can "Asian inferiority" be established. In fact, the French protectorate of Cambodia wasn't the first European protectorate there, the Spanish protectorate of Cambodia existed centuries earlier at the height of the Cambodian Dark Ages and Hispanic global supremacy. Yet the Khmer managed to kick out the Spanish.The Great Divergence is the single biggest contributor to Western global Supremacy.

The Empire of Đại-Nam further couldn't modernise like Japan because of a multitude of factors, yes, some were social.But I would argue that the economic issues far outweighed any social issues. Throughout Vietnamese history the Vietnamese were always very willing to adopt modern technologies from foreign powers, the Nguyễn defeated the Republic of the 7 (Seven) United Netherlands at the height of its power,these great European powers could only subjugate barely modernised indigenous people and were lucky with conquering America. The Castilian government didn't believe that Cortes could have conquered the Triple Alliance (Mexican Kingdom), but he did by forging alliances with literally everyone around them and taking advantage of the Afro-Eurasian pandemics that destroyed most of America. This couldn't be re-created in either Africa or Asia. Europeans became a military-merchant class, real European power only happened after the Great Divergence.

This is also why I believe that the Nguyễn Dynasty was doomed to lose,it simply wasn't inevitable and nothing in history would point to that. India was mostly conquered through indirect rule that would systematically install more British power. It was a process repeated by the French in Eastern-Indo-China. The French only ruled over the Nguyễn Dynasty from 1883 to 1945, this is only 62 (sixty-two) years and while most modern Historians use the term "Colonial Vietnam" from the 1850's to the 1950's the French only ruled parts outside of the above period. It would like saying that "Russian rule in the Ukraine 🇺🇦" started when Russia annexed the Crimea. Most of the Ukraine is still free from Russia 🇷🇺.

French rule in French Cochinchina was also a completely different beast from French rule in Annam and Tonkin. But you already know about my "Three (3) Countries Theory". Mỹ guess is that the institutions of the Nguyễn Dynasty remained in power as long as the French were not bothered by them. The French took over Tonkin in more direct ways for a number of reasons, namely that Tonkin was economically the heart of Đại-Nam and that Tonkin was also the most consistently mismanaged region of the country, the Nguyễn economy also failed largely because of mismanaging Tonkin. Chinese pirates flying a most stereotypical Black Flag of Piracy (like the Jolly Rodger in the West) took over and blocked all copper and zinc mines in Tonkin completely destroying the Tonkinese economy. Chinese bandits made up off failed anti-Manchu rebels created many gangs of Chinese bandits that filled the caves of Tonkin making the most wealthy part of the country impossible to be taxed. The French also wanted to build a railway to Yunnan.In fact the French only ever took over direct control of Hanoi and Hải Phòng, the rest of Tonkin was switched between being a Nguyễn civil region or a French military occupation. The French deliberately instituted the "divide and conquer" strategy used by the Nguyễn Lords but abandoned by the Mình Mạng Emperor in Tonkin and Central Highlands.

The Nguyễn Dynasty military was ordered to shrink in Annam but not Tonkin. In Tonkin they were bigger than ever under the command of local mandarins. This doesn't sound like the French uprooting Nguyễn institutions. As more and more re-organisations occurred the forces in Tonkin were integrated into the French Indo-Chinese military. This is also why it is so difficult to just look at one point in history and say definitively that "this is the point when the French gained absolute supremacy ở Đại Nam". It happened very gradually and the lines are very blurred. The French commonly justified Vietnamese sovereignty to evoke military campaigns against various tribal peoples and the Kingdom of Siam claiming that the Kingdoms of Luang Prabang and Vientiane were Nguyễn protectorates, so the Siamese occupation was illegal.

I think that too many factors played into the result that we got to just blame it all on a few. The war indemnities payed by Đại-Nam to France, the Chinese bandits and Chinese pirates fleeing the advancing Manchu Hordes following the fall of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom,a court in Huế ruled by corrupt officials that killed Emperors for discovering the details of their sex lives, internal rebellions, an inability to loan money from foreign countries. The list goes on. I believe that the French were simply at the right place in the right time to take advantage of these weaknesses. The Nguyễn did have a full scale Rebellion against the French and the court kept conspiring against the French right up to the late 1900's.

I don't see French rule as being secure here, only in Hanoi, Hải Phòng, and Tourane.

I believe that Japan is a very good point of comparison here, the French were also heavily involved in the Tokugawa Court prior to the Meiji Revolution and the Tokugawa Shogunate was also attempting to modernise. A common myth about the Tokugawa Shogunate is that it reluctantly refused to modernise while the imperialists did. In reality the Tokugawa Shogunate bought modern technology right when they saw the Great Divergence occurring but Japanese modernisation was too slow and Western influence got stronger. Many factors caused the Meiji Revolution but the idea that the Tokugawa Samurai wanted to stay backwards while the Imperialist Samurai wanted to advance is a common modern myth. With this the comparison gets deeper, prior to the Tokugawa Shogunate establishing a Neo-Confucian bureaucracy Japan was ruled by warlords, the Tokugawa simply never kicked them out and compromised with them while severely limiting their power. Japan was a country much more easy to divide and conquer than Vietnam ever was. The path Japan took was done despite of all the odds against it, Japan came from the same Chinese Cultural Sphere and had the same intellectual tradition as Vietnam, this is also why Vietnamese intellectuals kept looking to Japan.I have also seen you challenge the narrative that the Vietnamese Neo-Confucians simply wanted to stick to Conservatism. It is exactly from the voices calling for modernisation that the biggest early collaborators with France came from.I would argue that an American and a Soviet intellectual tradition against colonialism was the main driving force for rejecting modernisation under the French. Many of the rebels against colonialism were educated in French-style schools, likewise the collaborators too would share this with them.

French Cochinchina, Cambodia, the Nguyễn Dynasty, Laos, and Guangzhouwan.

I have been laser-focused on the French protectorates of Annam and Tonkin and have largely neglected the rest of French Indo-China. I know about the government of the Southern Dynasty, but I have no idea how the governments of French Cambodia and French Laos looked like, did they have similar government institutions or did the French rule differently there? I can't look at the Nguyễn Dynasty in isolation, but I simply cannot read Khmer and Lao and the English-language literature doesn't cover these topics like how the government of the Nguyễn Dynasty is ignored. Plus I need to compare French Cochinchina with Annam & Tonkin to see how different French rule affected these places.

Yours faithfully,
TQD

Get Outlook for Android".

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:41, 4 July 2022 (UTC) .

Foreign trade of the Nguyễn Dynasty

"Title" fields.
  • Bản tấu của Trần Thiên Tải, Ngô Phúc Hội dinh Quảng Nam báo cáo việc giao dịch trao đổi hàng hóa với tàu buôn nước Pháp năm Minh Mệnh thứ 6 (1825) 0X.
  • Bản tấu của Thủ ngự cửa biển Đà Nẵng Tống Phúc Thảo, Trần Đại Trị về việc thương thuyền Pháp đến buôn bán năm Minh Mệnh thứ 7 (1826) 0X.
  • Bản tấu của Thủ ngự của biển Đà Nẵng Nguyễn Văn Ngữ về việc thuyền Pháp đến cửa biển Đà Nẵng chọn mua đường cát năm Minh Mệnh thứ 10 (1829) 0X.
  • Bản phụng chỉ của Lương Tiến Tường, Hoàng Quýnh về việc bán đường cho thuyền buôn người Pháp năm Minh Mệnh thứ 10 (1829) 0X.
  • Bản tấu của Thủ ngự cửa biển Đà Nẵng Nguyễn Văn Ngữ về việc thuyền Pháp vào buôn bán ở cửa biển năm Minh Mệnh thứ 11 (1830) 0X.
  • Bản tấu của Thương bạc Nguyễn Văn Trọng về việc chọn mua hàng hóa của thuyền buôn Pháp và bán các loại đường cát cho họ năm Minh Mệnh thứ 11 (1830) 0X.
Informational fields.
  • A document relating to trade with between the Empire of Đại-Nam and merchants from France during the reign of the Minh Mạng Emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty.
"Source" field.

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 20:01, 4 July 2022 (UTC) .

Imperial Archives

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:00, 5 July 2022 (UTC) .

Coin scans (provisional lists)

ChinaZeug.de

Theo Peters Numismatiek & Filatelie B.V.

NumisBids

Contact Legal@wikimedia.org
First contact a legal firm.

花錢 一 真實成交表 (KKNews.cc)

"Source" field.
Source links. LINK 🔗.

Signature (Siggy) to prevent automated archiving. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:51, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

Seals of the Nguyễn Dynasty in the national archives

Other documents.
Note about the Ministry of Education.

Find out more about this specific version of the Nguyễn Dynasty "Ministry of Education".

Almost all important seals... EXCEPT for the seal of the Viceroy of Tonkin. 😭😭😭. Signature (Siggy) to prevent automated archiving. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 20:31, 2 July 2022 (UTC)

Diplomatic documents of the Nguyễn Dynasty

；"Source" field.

Individual image pages.
Notes.

The last document includes the phrases "Ten thousand (10,000) years to Great(er) France" and "Ten thousand (10,000) years to French Indo-China".

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 20:02, 4 July 2022 (UTC)

Titles for diplomatic documents of the Nguyễn Dynasty

"Title" fields.
Informational fields.

A Vietnamese diplomatic document issued during the Nguyễn Dynasty period showcasing the foreign relations of Vietnam during the 19th (nineteenth) century.

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 08:59, 5 July 2022 (UTC)

Tropiques Collection - French Indo-Chinese revenue stamps

"Source" field.
Source links. LINK 🔗.

Signature (Siggy) to prevent automated archiving. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 20:32, 2 July 2022 (UTC)

Histoire-et-philatelie.fr

"Source" field.
Source links. LINK 🔗.

Signature (Siggy) to prevent automated archiving. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:55, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

Fascist French Indo-China during the "National Revolution"

Signature (Siggy) to prevent automated archiving. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:56, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

Postal history of Japanese French Indo-China

Signature (Siggy) to prevent automated archiving. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:56, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina military seals

Signature (Siggy) to prevent automated archiving. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:57, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

FACE À FACE V.N.D.C.C.H. - ARMÉE FRANÇAISE (Septembre 1945 - mars 1946)

Signature (Siggy) to prevent automated archiving. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:58, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

Hanoian Baron of An-Phuoc and Vietnamese cash coins on stamps

"Source" field.
Source links. LINK 🔗.

Signature (Siggy) to prevent automated archiving. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:58, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

Dragon Star Flags on stamps

Signature (Siggy) to prevent automated archiving. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:59, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

Những chiếc xích lô đầu tiên ở Hà Nội

"Source" field.

Signature (Siggy) to prevent automated archiving. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 08:00, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

Nguyễn Cát Tường – Ông chủ hãng xe Lux ở Hà Nội

"Source" field.
Nguyễn Cát Tường's category.
  • Category:Nguyễn Cát Tường.
    • Category:Designers from Vietnam.
    • Category:People of Nguyen Dynasty.

Signature (Siggy) to prevent automated archiving. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 08:01, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

Án sát Chu Mạnh Trinh bị kiện

Informational fields.
  • A document relating to the Nguyễn Dynasty period mandarin Chu Mạnh Trinh, who had several lawsuits filed against him alleging corruption and that he had acted improperly, received bribes to appoint village translators, and wrongly punished people.
"Source" field.

Signature (Siggy) to prevent automated archiving. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:55, 2 July 2022 (UTC)

Leon Sogny

I should really stop adopting new projects before finishing older ones. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 14:15, 30 June 2022 (UTC)

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 21:17, 30 June 2022 (UTC)

Hippolyte Arnoux

"Source" field.
Relevant categor(y/ies).

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 08:25, 2 July 2022 (UTC)

Lần đầu triển lãm Ấn bản triều Nguyễn

"Source" field.
Source links. LINK 🔗.

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 16:37, 2 July 2022 (UTC)

The missing English-language literature on Vietnamese history

This is a draft message (e-mail) to Associate Professor Lê Minh Khải (黎明凱) about a number of documents on the Wikimedia Commons and information relating to them.

"Dear Kẻ đốt đền,

The Nguyễn Dynasty's Ministry of National Education doesn't exist in English-language literature at all.

How did hundreds of millions of cash coins enter the market?

For whatever reason I never asked this question despite contemplating on this society for many years, but it's actually the most basic question one can ask. How did the Nguyễn Dynasty government introduce cash coins onto the market under French rule? When the French explicitly wanted to have full control over both the currency system and the government bureaucracy.

The Nguyễn Dynasty government must have been able to place hundreds of thousands of Khải Định Thông Bảo (啓定通寳) and Bảo Đại Thông Bảo (保大通寳) cash coins onto the market through government salaries and government contracts.

As the latest such documents about the pay to government employees in cash coins I found was from the Duy Tân period, I suspect that this went unchanged until World War II.

My hypothesis on what happened to the Nguyễn Dynasty's Ministry of War in 1933.

The Nguyễn Dynasty still had a Ministry of War (兵部, Binh Bộ) until 1933, my hypothesis is that it was merged together with the Ministry of Punishments (刑部, Hình Bộ) to form the new Ministry of Justice (部司法, Bộ Tư pháp) as the Nguyễn Dynasty military was only allowed to perform police duties since 1884, so it would make sense for these two (2) systems to be merged. But again as I don't have any sources to back this up I can't know until I've had the opportunity to investigate any of the primary sources, like official government bulletins.

Yours faithfully,
TQD

Get Outlook for Android".

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:41, 4 July 2022 (UTC)

Tech News: 2022-27

Latest tech news from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. Translations are available.

Changes later this week

  • The new version of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 July. It will be on all wikis from 7 July (calendar).
  • Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on 5 July at 07:00 UTC (targeted wikis) and on 7 July at 7:00 UTC (targeted wikis).
  • The Beta Feature for DiscussionTools will be updated throughout July. Discussions will look different. You can see some of the proposed changes.
  • This change only affects pages in the main namespace in Wikisource. The Javascript config variable proofreadpage_source_href will be removed from mw.config and be replaced with the variable prpSourceIndexPage. [4]

Tech news prepared by Tech News writers and posted by bot • Contribute • Translate • Get help • Give feedback • Subscribe or unsubscribe.

19:30, 4 July 2022 (UTC)

Wikidata weekly summary #522

Here's your quick overview of what has been happening around Wikidata over the last week.
  • Discussions
    • New requests for permissions/Bot:
      • ListedBuildingsUKBot. Task/s: Add wikidata site links to appropriate wiki commons category pages for listed buildings with matching ID numbers. I've identified about 1000 entities that can be updated. e.g. [5] should have a wiki commons link to [6] since they both refer to [7].
  • Development
    • Lexicographical data:
      • We have finished most of the development on the new Special:NewLexeme page. You can try it at https://wikidata.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:NewLexemeAlpha. We will make this available on Wikidata for testing with real-world data on July 14th.
      • We are continuing to work on the new search profile for languages to make setting the language of a new Lexeme easier (phab:T307869)
    • REST API: We are putting finishing touches on the first version of the API route to add statements to an Item. It is still lacking support for automated edit summaries.
    • We are working on word-level diffs to make it easier to see what changed in an edit (phab:T303317)
    • We are investigating the issue of labels not being shown after some merges (phab:T309445)

You can see all open tickets related to Wikidata here. If you want to help, you can also have a look at the tasks needing a volunteer.


This Month in Education: June 2022

This Month in Education

Volume 11 • Issue 6 • June 2022

In This Issue

Châu bản triều Nguyễn (1)

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 06:49, 5 July 2022 (UTC)

Châu bản triều Nguyễn (2)

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:46, 5 July 2022 (UTC)

Kiến Phúc document

"Source" field.
Source links. LINK 🔗.

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 17:46, 5 July 2022 (UTC) .

(1850's) FRENCH LIBERTY HEAD TOKEN COAT OF ARMS JEWELERS MEDAL

"Title" field.
  • French Liberty head token - Coat of arms jewelers medal token coin (1850's) 0X.
"Source" field.
Source links. LINK 🔗.

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 18:08, 5 July 2022 (UTC) .

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 19:45, 5 July 2022 (UTC)

Try to find out if photographs of coins and medals may be considered "unoriginal works" depending on location.

The Kingdom of the Netherlands (Auteurswet)

Artikel 6.

Indien een werk is tot stand gebracht naar het ontwerp van een ander en onder diens leiding en toezicht, wordt deze als de maker van dat werk aangemerkt.

Artikel 10,2.

Verveelvoudigingen in gewijzigde vorm van een werk van letterkunde, wetenschap of kunst, zoals vertalingen, muziekschikkingen, verfilmingen en andere bewerkingen, zomede verzamelingen van verschillende werken, worden, onverminderd het auteursrecht op het oorspronkelijke werk, als zelfstandige werken beschermd.

Artikel 11.

Er bestaat geen auteursrecht op wetten, besluiten en verordeningen, door de openbare macht uitgevaardigd, noch op rechterlijke uitspraken en administratieve beslissingen.

Artikel 43a,1°.

Een werk van grafische of beeldende kunst, zoals afbeeldingen, collages, schilderingen, tekeningen, gravures, prenten, lithografieën, beeldhouwwerken, tapisserieën, keramische werken, glaswerk en foto’s, voor zover dit door de maker zelf is vervaardigd, of het een exemplaar betreft dat anderszins als origineel van een kunstwerk wordt beschouwd.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

"How copyright protects your work", text under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

"Copyright protects your work and stops others from using it without your permission.

You get copyright protection automatically - you don’t have to apply or pay a fee. There isn’t a register of copyright works in the UK.

You automatically get copyright protection when you create:

  • original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic work, including illustration and photography.
  • original non-literary written work, such as software, web content and databases.
  • sound and music recordings.
  • film and television recordings.
  • broadcasts.
  • the layout of published editions of written, dramatic and musical works.

You can mark your work with the copyright symbol (©), your name and the year of creation. Whether you mark the work or not doesn’t affect the level of protection you have.

How copyright protects your work Copyright prevents people from:

  • copying your work.
  • distributing copies of it, whether free of charge or for sale.
  • renting or lending copies of your work.
  • performing, showing or playing your work in public.
  • making an adaptation of your work.
  • putting it on the internet. "
Notes.

British & Northern Irish copyright law seems a lot stricter than those of other countries, reactions from any British & Northern Irish Copyright office may or may not be useful to send to an American company (The Wikimedia Foundation) to get additional opinions about applying Bridgeman to simple (unoriginal) photographs.

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 22:32, 5 July 2022 (UTC)

Thủy Quân Triều Nguyễn (1802-1884)

Find and extract images from the book "Thủy Quân Triều Nguyễn (1802-1884)" (Web search via Ecosia). Possibly there are multiple seals of the Thủy Quân that aren't mentioned in more generalised works about the seal culture of this period. Tải.

Just order it and send it to an aunt in Hanoi, it's cheap.

Note to extract images if there are any.

"Source" field.
  • Tác giả: TS Bùi Gia Khánh
  • Nhà xuất bản: NXB Chính Trị Quốc Gia Sự Thật
  • Ngày xuất bản: 2018
  • Số trang: 304
  • Loại bìa: Bìa Mềm
  • Trọng lượng: 320 gram

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 06:39, 6 July 2022 (UTC)

Seals to extract from Hải quân triều Nguyễn

  • Thuy Quan chi an.

"Cuối thế kỷ 16, khi hoành hành cướp phá bờ biển Trung Quốc, Hải tặc Nhật Bản cũng tràn qua cả nước ta. Chúng kéo nhau đến Cửa Việt vào năm 1585. Hoàng Tử Nguyễn Phước Nguyên, con thứ sáu của Chúa Nguyễn Hoàng đã điều binh đánh chìm hai chiếc tầu Ngọa khấu (giặc lùn Kenki)."

Also extract the PD-Coin rubbing images from these areas, note that these are specifically Nagasaki Trade Coins that circulated in the Territory of the Nguyễn Lords.

"Đây là sử liệu đầu tiên đề cập đến mối liên hệ giữa Nhật Bản và ĐàngTrong. Năm 1599, một chiếc tàu Kenki khác khi hải hành bị mắc cạn tại Cửa biển Thuận An cũng bị một tướng của Chúa Nguyễn Hoàng chận bắt được. Đầy đủ trang cụ bị tịch thu, cả thủy thủ đoàn tàu cướp biển bị bắt. (xem Thuần Lục, trang web http://charm.ru/coins/vn/nagasaki.shtml)."

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 06:55, 6 July 2022 (UTC)

Origins of "Phong Kien"

Try to find more information on this later. --Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 07:05, 6 July 2022 (UTC)

Greyleg goose & Canadian goose hybrids (mixed race)

Find a category name if applicable.
Categorise them here.

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 10:08, 6 July 2022 (UTC)

Zaanse Schans categorisation

Figure out if there's an Annumtemplate.

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 10:52, 6 July 2022 (UTC)

Wikidata discussions to keep an eye 👁️ on

  • Discussions
    • New requests for permissions/Bot:
      • ListedBuildingsUKBot. Task/s: Add wikidata site links to appropriate wiki commons category pages for listed buildings with matching ID numbers. I've identified about 1000 entities that can be updated. e.g. [8] should have a wiki commons link to [9] since they both refer to [10].

--Donald Trung 『徵國單』 (No Fake News 💬) (WikiProject Numismatics 💴) (Articles 📚) 13:56, 6 July 2022 (UTC)

Tech News: 2022-27

Latest tech news from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. Translations are available.

Changes later this week

  • The new version of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 July. It will be on all wikis from 7 July (calendar).
  • Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on 5 July at 07:00 UTC (targeted wikis) and on 7 July at 7:00 UTC (targeted wikis).
  • The Beta Feature for DiscussionTools will be updated throughout July. Discussions will look different. You can see some of the proposed changes.
  • This change only affects pages in the main namespace in Wikisource. The Javascript config variable proofreadpage_source_href will be removed from mw.config and be replaced with the variable prpSourceIndexPage. [11]

Tech news prepared by Tech News writers and posted by bot • Contribute • Translate • Get help • Give feedback • Subscribe or unsubscribe.

19:30, 4 July 2022 (UTC)

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