افغانستان

**Afganistan**
	país de l'Àsia Central
	Mandar de mèdias
	Wikipèdia
Pronóncia (fichièr de son)
Natura de l'element	estat sobeiran (1919–); Accès a la mar; país;
Cultura	cultura de l'Afganistan;
Emplaçament	Afganistan;
Capitala	Kabol;
Regim politic	Estat unitari; Teocracia (2021–); Emirat (2021–);
Assemblada deliberanta	Assemblea Nacional de l'Afganistan (Islamska Republika Afganistanu, 2004–2021);
Organ executiu	Govern de l'Afganistan;
Mai nauta juridiccion	Cort Suprema de l'Afganistan;
Lenga oficiala	Pashto; darí; balutxi (llengua regional); Lengas noristanianas (llengua regional); llengües pamir (llengua regional); Pashai (llengua regional); Uzbek (llengua regional); arabi (llengua regional); Turcmèn;
Imne	Dā də bātorāno kor (2021–);
Moneda	Afgani;
Cap d'Estat	Haibatullah Akhundzada (De facto, amir al-muminín, 2021–);
Cap de l'executiu	Muhàmmad Hàssan Akhund (2023–);
Data de fondacion / creacion	1709 (dinastia Hotaki); 19 junh de 1747 (Imperi Durrani); 1823 (Emirat de l'Afganistan); 1926 (Regne de l'Afganistan); 1973 (República de l'Afganistan); 1978 (República Democràtica de l'Afganistan); 1992 (Estat Islàmic d'Afganistan); 1996 (Emirat Islàmic de l'Afganistan); 2002 (Estat Islàmic Transitori d'Afganistan); 2004 (Islamska Republika Afganistanu); 2021 (Emirat Islàmic de l'Afganistan);
Eveniment clau	Tractat Angloafganès (1921);
Punt culminant	Noshaq (7 492 m);
Populacion	37 466 414 (2021);
Superfícia	652 230 km²;
Domeni internet	.af;
De pas confondre amb	Q28971943 ;
	site oficial
	33° 00′ 00″ N, 66° 00′ 00″ E
Contraròtle d'autoritats
	Q889; identificant ISNI: 0000000121677801, 0000000449050535; identificant VIAF: 253870196; identificant GND: 4000687-6; identificant bibliotèca del Congrès: n79063030; identificant BNF: 11987818g, 15238303m, 11930839q; identificant idRef: 027944069; identificant NDL: 00560077; identificant NLA: 35001590; identificacion NK ČR: ge134003; identificador HDS: 003402; identificant SELIBR: 138931; identificador NLI: 000975636; identificador BNE: XX450563; identificador NARA: 10046295; identificador BabelNet: 00001803n; identificador Libris: hftwv5d13fdgp13; indentificador J9U de la Bibliotèca Nacionala d'Israèl: 987007564356005171; relacion OpenStreetMap: 303427; identificador OpenStreetMap de node: 26847706; identificador Mapy.cz: osm&id=4; identificador Omni de tema: 7c034edeb11a36f7c0bb1aeb15c24e4c92bf06df
	Reasonator; Scholia; Wikidocumentaries; fitxer KML; WikiShootMe; OpenStreetMap; Chercher les représentations;

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A-hù-hān; Afganastan; AF; AFG; Afghanistan; Awhekenetana; 🇦🇫; AFG; af; 🇦🇫; AFG; ߊߝ; 🇦🇫; Afganská islamská republika</nowiki>

L’Afghanistan ou la République islamique d'Afghanistan, est un pays d'Asie centrale sans accès à la mer entouré par le Pakistan, la Chine, le Tadjikistan, le Turkménistan, l’Ouzbékistan et l’Iran. Sa capitale est Kaboul.

Símbol nacional

National animal of Afghanistan
National bird of Afghanistan
Tulipa gesneriana, National flower of Afghanistan
Ulmus wallichiana, National tree of Afghanistan

Mapa

Des cartes sélectionnées figurent dans notre Atlas Wikimedia d’Afghanistan .

Afghanistan the heart of Asia
Map of Afghanistan
Larger map
Ethnolinguistic grlöpö
irrigation
Lashkargah

Paisatge

Collage of 4 images created by User:Officer
mountains
Band-e Amir National Park, also known as Afghanistan's Grand Canyon
Sand dunes in Reg District of Kandahar Province, which is completely uninhabited and has been historically used to smuggle drugs and weapons on the back of camels
Snow covered mountains outside of Salang Tunnel in Parwan Province
Khawajah Bahawuddin, Takhar Province in northern Afghanistan
Scenic view in western Afghanistan
Bamyan Valley in Bamyan Province
Watapur district in Kunar Province
Dahla Dam in Kandahar Province
Korengal Valley in Kunar Province
Badakhshan Province in northeast Afghanistan
An aerial view from the window of a Blackhawk helicopter between Mazar-e-Sharif and Kunduz in northern Afghanistan
Chorah District in Urozgan Province
Badel Valley in Kunar Province
Valley in Samangan Province in northern Afghanistan
Branches of the Kunar River meet in Nangarhar Province
Arghandab River Valley between Kandahar and Lashkar Gah
Aerial photograph of Kandahar Province
Road in Kapisa Province
Khogyani District in Nangarhar Province
Ghazni Province in eastern Afghanistan
Winter in Uruzgan Province
Snow-covered mountains in Paktia Province
Nawa District, Ghazni Province
Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan
Approaching the Salang Tunnel
Salang Pass north of Kabul
K-G Pass in eastern Afghanistan
Badghis Province in northwestern Afghanistan
Valley in Baghlan Province
Valley in Panjshir Province
Reservoir at the Kajaki Dam in Helmand Province
Arghandab Valley in Kandahar Province
Faryab Province in northern Afghanistan
Sayed Abad District in Wardak Province
Tangi Valley in the Wardak Province
Hari River in Ghor Province
Road in Parwan Province, northeast of Bagram Air Base
Nurgal District in Kunar Province
Kabul River near the Behsud Bridge area in Jalalabad
An AH-64 Apache helicopter shoots flares over a valley in Daykundi Province
Zabul Province
Ghor Province during winter
Paktika Province
Kabul, the Afghan capital
City of Herat in Herat Province
Valley in the Gizab district of Urozgan Province
Capital city of Khost Province
Intersection of Highway 1 and Route 606 in Delaram, Farah Province
Nimroz Province
Puli-i Alam, the capital of Logar Province

Punt de referència

Palais présidentiel de Kaboul
Museu de Kabul
Gardens of Babur in Kabul
Shrine of the Cloak of Islam's Prophet Muhammad in Kandahar
Friday Mosque of Herat
Citadelle d'Hérat
Shrine of Hazrat Ali in Mazar-i-Sharif

Politica

President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai with Supreme Court Judges and former Afghan King, Zahir Shah
Afghan parliament in 2006
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton standing with Afghan female politicians.
John Kerry with Abdullah Abdullah and Ashraf Ghani in July 2014.
U.S. representative Zalmay Khalilzad (left) meeting with Taliban leaders, Abdul Ghani Baradar, Abdul Hakim Ishaqzai, Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai, Suhail Shaheen, unidentified. Doha, Qatar on 21 November 2020.

Forces Armades Afganes

Afghan Black Hawk pilot at Kandahar International Airport in 2018
Afghan pilots in 2018
Graduation day of Afghan Air Force students in May 2017
Afghan Air Force UH-60s at Kandahar International Airport in 2018
Afghan Air Force A-29 Super Tucano
Afghan National Army Humvees
Inside Kabul Military Training Center in 2012
Afghan National Army Commandos
Soldiers of the Afghan National Army, including the ANA Commando Brigade standing in the front

Polícia

Police nationale afghane (ordre public)
New graduates sitting at the Afghan Ministry of Interior
Female officers of the Afghan National Police (ANP)
Policia Nacional Afganesa
Afghan Border Police
ANP lineup
ANP Ford Rangers in Kabul
ANP Ford Rangers in Kunar
opium pdf

Istòria d'Afganistan

The Medes followed by the Achaemenids governed the area until 330 BC.
Alexander the Great explored the land in 330 BCE after defeating the Achaemenids.
Cities in the north were governed by Seleucus I Nicator while cities in the south were governed by the Maurya Empire, which introduced religions of India such as Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism.
From what is now Iran, Islam began spreading in Afghanistan in the 7th century.
The Saffarid Empire was established in 861 with its capital at Zaranj, Afghanistan.
The Ghaznavid Empire was established in 975 with its capital at Ghazni, Afghanistan.
Humayun and Babur of Kabul. From their power base in Afghanistan, they crossed the Indus River and conquered the Punjab region followed by northern India, establishing the Mughal Empire.
The Hotak Empire was established in 1709 with its capital at Kandahar, Afghanistan.
Ahmad Shah Durrani established the Durrani Empire in 1747 with Kandahar, Afghanistan, serving as its main capital.
British India invaded the country twice in the 19th century but both times they were taught a lesson that Afghanistan cannot be conquered militarily.