File:NLC416-13jh001149-43280 英文漢詁.pdf

目錄
i introduction. 發凡
1 definitions, 界說：language,辭語：grammar,文譜：english grammar,英文譜
2 how many things to be considered in a word? 一字之中可論者幾事
3 divisions,文譜分門：orthography,正書：etymology,字論：syntax,句法
ii orthography. 正書
4 articulate and inarticulate sounds,有節無節之音：vowels,元音：diphthongs,變元
5 consonants,仆音：aspirants and mutes,舒促：voiced and unvoiced,純銳
6 table of consonants,仆音表：vowels and diphthongs,元音正變表
7 alphabets,字母：the imperfection of english alphahet,英字母之不完
8 assimilation of consonants,仆音相從為變
9 syllables,拼音：mono-,di-,tri-and poly-syllables,一音二音三音多音之字
10 doubling of consonants,復仆：how to add a syllable to a word? 加音：mute e, 無音之e字
11 division of a word into syllables,分字法：accent,重音
iii etymology.字論
12 parts of speech,八部
13 on parsing,指部
14 on changes that words undergo,字之變形
15 suffixes of inflexion,尾聲變形：less in modern english,變形之字古多今少
iv nouns.名物部
16 definition of noun,界說
17 classification of nouns,分類
18 inflexion of nouns,名物形變
19 gender of nouns,屬
20 older modes of marking the feminine,古法變屬
21 distinguishing gender by prefixes,換頭
22 number of nouns,數
23 formation of the plural,變數法
24 older modes of forming the plural,變數古法
25 words which (i) have double plural,兩眾形：（ii）have singular form only,但有單形之字：（iii) have plural form only,但有眾形之字
26 plural form of foreign nouns,外國名物之眾形
27 case of nouns,位
28 nominative,主名之位
29 vocative,呼告之位
30 objective,受事之位：direct and indirect objeet,直接間接之受事
31 possessive,主物之位
32 formation of possessive,主物變形法
33 deelension of nouns,別位異形表
v adjectives. 區別部
34 definition of adjective,界說
35 classification of adjectives.分類
36 indefinite and definite article,無定有定之指件
37 inflexion of adjectives:degree,程度，等級
38 positive,尋常：compartive,較勝：and superlative,尤最
39 irregular comparisons,參差等級
vi pronouns.稱代部
40 definition of pronoun,界說
41 classification of pronouns,分類
42 i.personal pronouns,三身稱代
43 deelension of personal pronouns,稱代異形表：three persons,三身
44 possessive cases,三身主物
45 reflexive personal pronous,反身稱代
46 ii.demonstrative pronouns,指事稱代
47 other demonstrative pronouns:ˋsuchˊ,ˋdpˊ,ˋyon,ˊˋsame.ˊ
48 iii.interrogative pronouns.發問稱代
49 compound interrogatives,並字發問稱代
50 iv. relative pronouns,復牒稱代
51 「as,"ˋ如ˊ
52 compound relatives,並字復牒
53 v.indefinite pronouns,無定稱代
vii verbs.雲謂部
54 definition of verb,界說
55 classification of verbs,分類：transitive and intransitive,及物與不及物
56 impersonal verbs，無主雲謂
57 inflexion of verbs,雲謂變形
58 i.voice,聲：active and passive 剛柔
59 ii. mood,情，語氣
60 indicative,實指：subjunctive,虛擬 imperative mood,祈使
61 indicative,實疏
62 subjunctive,虛擬
63 objective and subjective phenomena, and two moods compared,主觀客觀。
64 imperative,祈使
65 two other forms of verbs,infinitive mood,無定式
66 participles,兩用式：gerunds,虛字實用
67 iii. tense,候：nine primary tenses,九候，正候
68 three secondary tenses,副候：table of tenses,九候表
69 "do,""行"字
70 formation of tenses in the active voice,剛聲諸候
71 difference between "shall" and "will,"兩"將"字辨
72 formation of tenses in the passive voice,柔聲諸候
73 simple present and preterite,when are used,今雲二候
74 iv.person and number of verbs,雲謂身數
75 conjugation of verbs,讀破法：strong and weak conjugation,強破弱破
76 list of verbs of strong conjugation,強破諸字
77 list of verbs of weak conjugation,弱破諸字
78 a verb of strong conjugation declined,強破異形字
79 a verb of weak conjugation declined,弱破異形字
80 auxiliary verbs,助謂字
81 "be"為：copula,綴系
82 "have,"業，會
83 "do,""行"
84 "shall,"將，須
85 "will,"欲，願，志，命
86 "may,"得，可，堪
87 "must,"不可不，不能不，務
88 "can,"能，知
89 "ought,"宜
90 "wit,"知："dare,"敢："need,"須
viii adverbs 疏狀部
91 definition of adverb,界說
92 classification of adverbs,分類
93 formation of adverbs,制字
94 "yes",and "no",俞咈，然否
ix prepositions.介系部
95 definition of preposition,界說
96 classification of pronouns,分類繁體字
97 relations indicated by prepositions,所指之倫："at,於："by,""about,"近："for，「為："in",在："off,"離："of,"屬："to,"向："with,"以："but",舍
x conjunctions. 挈合部
98 definition of conjunction，界說
99 classification of conjunctions,分類：coordination,並列：subordination,相從
100 some common conjunctions considered;"and,"及："both,"並："but,"但："either,"或："that,"這「now,"茲："because,"因："lest,"為恐："if,"苟："unless,"除 非："except," 只 有："though," 除 非："except,"只 有：though," 雖："nevertheless,"不亞：although, 縱：albeit,就令："than," 以此
101 some adverbs are vulgarly treated as conjunctions,疏狀有與挈合字相亂者
xi interjections.嗟嘆部
102 definition,界說
xii word－making. 制字
103 primary and secondary words,文字
104 english derivatives,轉註：nouns,名物
105 adjectives,區別
106 adverbs,疏狀
107 verbs,雲謂
108 transformation by shifting accent,音轉義殊
109 to form transitive from intransitive verbs,以不及物為及物
110 compound words:how formed? 會意
111 a noun compounds,會意名物字
112 b.adjective compounds,會意區別字
113 c.verb compounds,會意雲謂字
114 prefixes,換頭：teutonic,條頓本語
115 latin and french suffixes,拉丁與法文之尾聲：nouns,名物尾聲
116 abstract nouns,縣名之尾聲
117 diminutives,著小之尾聲
118 suffixes of adjectives,區別之尾聲
119 suffines of verbs,雲謂之尾聲
120 latin and french prefixes,拉丁與法文之換頭
121 greek prefixes,希臘換頭
122 greek suffixes,希臘尾聲
123 other remarks on word-making,造字餘論
xiii syntax.句法
124 sentence:subject and predicate,成句：句主謂語
125 predicative,attributive and adverbial relation,謂誤系屬，區別系屬，疏狀系屬
126 predicative relation,謂語系屬
127 attributive relation,區別系屬
128 attributive adjuncts,區別屬詞
129 adverbial relation,疏狀系屬
130 objective relation,受事系屬
131 two sorts of object,兩種受事
132 direct object,直接受事
133 indirect object,間接受事
134 adverbial adjuncts,疏狀屬詞
135 word,phrase and clause interchangeable,獨字，仂語子句互易法
xiv subject and predicate.句主與謂語
136 subject and predicate must agree in number and person,句主謂語必同身數
137 every finite verb must have a subject in the nominative case,專屬謂語其上必有主名
138 subject，句主
139 expanded subject,添字句主
140 predicate,謂語
141 complements of the predicate,補足謂語
142 object,受事
xv classification of sentences. 句法分類
143 simple,compound and complex sentences,三種句法
144 compound sentences,合沓句法
145 elliptical sentence,橢句
146 complex sentence,句孕句法
147 substantive clause,實字子句
148 adjective clause,區別子句
149 adverbial clause,疏狀子句
xvi summary of rules of syntax.造句集例
150 rule 1. of verb with its subject,a.b.c.d.e.f.g.h.雲謂與句主之例共九條
151 rule 2. of objective case,a.b.c.d.e.f.受事例共七條
152 rule 3.of possessive case,a.b.c.主物例共四條
153 rule 4. of nouns in apposition,a.註解名物例二條
154 rule 5. of verbal nouns or gerunds,a.b.c.虛字實用例四條
155 rule 6. of pronouns,a.b…………k.稱代例共十二條
156 rule 7. of adjectives,a.b………h.區別例共九條
157 rule 8. of articles,a.b.c.d.e.指件例共六條
158 rule 9. of adverbs,a.b………e.f.疏狀例共七條
159 rule 10. of some intransitive verbs,a.b……… e.不及物雲謂例六條
160 rule 11. of indicative mood,a.實疏語氣例二條
161 rule 12. of subjunctive mood,虛擬語氣例一條
162 rule 13. of imperative mood,祈使語氣例一條
163 rule 14. of infinitive mood,a.無定雲謂例二條
164 rule 15. of tenses of verbs that depend on one another,用候例一條
165 rule 16. of auxiliaries "shall"and "will,"a.助謂例二條
166 rule 17. of participles，a.兩用式例二條
167 rule 18. of prepositions used after certain words,table,a.介系例二條，介系用字表
168 rule 19. of correlative conjunctions,a.挈合相應例二條
169 rule 20. of objective used in place of nominative,a.主名變例二條
170 rule 21. of elliptical sentence,橢句例一條
xvii analysis of sentences.析辭
171 logical analvsis of a sentence,名學析辭法
172 iiiustrations with passages from chinese compositions,中文釋例
173 logical subject and predicate,名學之句主謂語
174 analysis of complex predicate,direct and indirect object,of questions,of attributive clauses.繁複謂語，直接與間接受事，間語，及區別子句析法
175 forms and steps of analysing sentences,析辭層次
176 examples of analysing simple sentences,(30examples.)析簡句法三十條
177 analysis of complex sentences,析繁句法
178 sentences containing substantive clauses,(14examples.)析實字子句法十四條
179 sentences containing adjective clauses,(6examples.)析句別子句法六條
180 sentences containing adjective clauses,(7examples.)析疏狀子句法七條
181 sentences clauses contained within clauses which are themselves subordinate,(5examples.)句子中子句五條
182 analysis of compound sentences,合沓句析法
183 analysis of subordinate compound clauses,合沓子句析法
184 analysis of compound sentences,簡縮句析法
185 analysis of elliptical sentences,橢句析法
xviii punctuations.句讀點頓
186 four kinds of pauses:comma,semicolon,colon,full stop or period,四種點
187 full stop,when used,句頓
188 colon,when used,支
189 the rules of semicolon,半支
190 the rules of comma,逗頓
191 punctuations in complex sentences,繁句點頓
192 other signs employed in writing,文字簡號