File:NLC416-14jh008026-69487 盧梭與自然教育.pdf

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盧梭與自然教育   (Wikidata search (Cirrus search) Wikidata query (SPARQL)  Create new Wikidata item based on this file)
Author
〔法〕Gabriel Compayre著
image of artwork listed in title parameter on this page
Title
盧梭與自然教育
Publisher
中華書局發行所[總發行者]
Description

介紹盧梭的教育思想和作品《愛彌兒》。內分盧梭對於教育的新見解、盧梭是改造家及革命家、愛彌兒的主要原理、蘇菲或女子教育、愛彌兒之成功等六部分

目錄
原序
一 盧梭對於教育的新見解
「愛彌兒」是一部正確的和錯誤的思想混在一起的書
我們應把其中永久不滅的思想提高其價值而不應專事謾罵他過於空想
二 盧梭是改造家及革命家
他雖然具有獨到的見解但他也曾受其前輩的影響例如蒙旦尼菲納龍洛克等
特爾格在盧梭以前曾經鼓勵人們回返自然去了
教育兒童須先研究兒童
在「愛彌兒」書里的兒童心理觀
盧梭從觀察別人的兒童而得了解兒童
盧梭欠缺了當教師的經驗
他對於學問不曾做過有系統的研究
盧梭的教育學說受了他個人生活上的回憶很大的影響
愛彌兒是一個自己學習的學生
愛彌兒的教育有許多地方是盧梭特為反對自己的現實生活及自己的品格而冥想的
三 「愛彌兒」的主要原理
性善的信條
盧梭對這信條作絕對的肯定
他對社會是抱悲觀主義的對自然是抱樂觀主義
他要把人改造為自然的人
由是「消極教育」直至十二歲
不用道德訓練規條
不用形式的教學法
不用懲罰不用獎勵
兒童祇服從於自然勢力之下
除去父母及教師的權威盧梭這個意見之錯誤
有所期待的教育方法
愛彌爾長大於隔絕社會之畸形的生活
設計教學法
不自然的設備
盧梭是贊成家庭教育者雖然他間或作矛盾的論調
他對於家庭之讚美
為母者自乳嬰兒責任之重要
為父者的責任
又一枝節的論調「分期教育」
把兒童由初生到青年期不自然地分作三個時期
盧梭對於兒童各時期的品格具有正確的觀察
我們應把兒童作成人看待嗎
道德教育開始過遲
愛彌兒至青年期始受宗教教育
「莎吳亞牧師的宗教觀」
「自然」如果要發言它定會責備盧梭
四 「愛彌兒」永久不滅的真理
體育
對於兒童衛生應注意之點
訓練身體影響於道德生活之重要
露天教育
愛彌爾學一種工藝為什麼
感官教育
實物教授
從感官的直覺訓練兒童的判斷力
實用知識的課程
行為術
生活教育之重要
愛彌兒不學文學不學歷史
但對於歷史方面盧梭在「波蘭政府論」的意見卻與此相反
古代文字之不切實用
自然科學之重要
愛彌兒至十五歲他是「能學的」兒童而不是裝滿知識的兒童
意志教育
愛彌兒長大於自由之中
須使兒童得享幸福
然而愛彌兒卻能忍受痛苦
社會生活情感之啟示
愛彌兒是慈善家
盧梭沒有直接為一般民眾而寫作但他卻準備了民眾教育的路線
盧梭欲養成普泛的人
他忽略了職業教育之重要
他或時也覺着實用精神之重要
愛彌兒到外國去
愛彌兒學得兩國或三國外國語
五 蘇菲或女子教育
這是一篇小說體的文章
然而蘇菲不是完全虛構的她曾經生存的
盧梭對於女子教育見解之錯誤
蘇菲的教育適與愛彌兒的教育相反
盧梭把女子視為男子的附屬品
盧梭反對男女平等
女子心理的撮要
女子的缺點
女子的良好之品質
女子應守女子本分
盧梭是反對女權論者
蘇菲智育之缺乏
「家政教育」之重要
縫紉科
我們應給少女多與社會接觸的機會
蘇菲極年幼受宗教教育
盧梭忘記了女子的人格
女子的權威是建立於她的自然之美之上的
蘇菲有一部分已近於現代的女子她是和悅可親的是為家庭而生存卻不是為教堂為女修道院而生存的
六 「愛彌兒」之成功
盧梭影響所及之不可思議
模仿「愛彌兒」或反對「愛彌兒」的教育作品
保利耶的「自然的學生」
「愛彌兒」影響於法國革命時代之教育
羅蘭夫人之歡迎盧梭
斯達爾夫人約麗夫人尼格爾夫人之讚羨盧梭
「愛彌兒」之光照耀於全球
盧梭到德國去
巴斯朵與拉瓦特康德（kant）及其「教育論」
哥德席勒約翰保羅（jean-paul ric-hter）愛德（herder）裴斯泰洛濟等之歡迎盧梭
英國人之歡迎盧梭模爾利奎克等對於「愛彌兒」的批評
盧梭在美國較少受歡迎
然而美國教育已漸趨於實行盧梭的理想教育了
盧梭的教學方法與他的兒童道德訓練方法已被今日許多學校所採行了
盧梭把教育家的地位都提高了
他的斯多亞派的態度
他是思想界的大誘惑者
為什麼人們永久地崇敬他

Language Chinese
Publication date 民國二十八年[1939]
Source
institution QS:P195,Q732353
(民國時期文獻 民國圖書)
館藏信息
InfoField
MG/G40-095.65/1
中圖分類
InfoField
G40-095.65
載體形態
InfoField
[10],154頁

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