User talk:Skyflash

Welcome to Wikimedia Commons, Skyflash!

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-- 10:28, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

Portuguese - Mysore War of 1777

By 1776 Mysore to the south of Goa had become angry with the large number of Índian Catholic converts along the border of Mysore and Goa. Mysore viewed the Portuguese Missionaries as agents of the Portuguese Government. In 1775 Haider Ali the ruler of Mysore expelled all Portuguese Missionaries from Mysore & Coastal Karnataka. In 1777 the converts along the border rose up in rebellion against Mysore and Ali sent his son Tipu Sultan along with 15,000 soldiers to put down the rebellion and to expel the Portuguese from Índia.

The news of the approaching army sent thousands of Catholic converts from the border area into Goa. On March 10 1778, Tipu Sultan arrived along Goa’s border and began his scorched earth attack; on March 15 his forces crossed the border and attacked the fortified town of Damai. For two weeks the Tipu Sultan besieged Damai but was unable to capture it. On April 2 Tipu left a small force besieging Damai and moved his main force against Sanguem. The city of Sanguem like Damai was surrounded by a modern defensive wall and protected by over 20 large guns and its garrison had been reinforced and stood at 2,450. On April 10 Tipu launched his first attack on the town but was unable to capture it. On April 15 he launched his second and last attack on Sanguem on two fronts with his entire army and introduced a new weapon, a rocket barrage but the accuracy and the quantity was not enough to sway the battle in Tipu’s favor. Tipu Sultan was finally forced to abandon the siege of Sanguem and instead marched towards Goa’s capital Pangim while destroying everything his army encountered. When Tipu Sultan arrived at the city of Pangim the cities’ Portuguese defenses were able to keep him out and from being complete surrounded since the Goan Portuguese Navy was able to keep the sea route open to Goan Portuguese Ships.

On July 2 a large Portuguese force under General João António de Sá Pereira landed at Canacona forcing Tipu to abandon his attack on Goa’s capital Pangim to avoid being trapped between two Portuguese forces. General João António de Sá Pereira and his large force made up of both regular soldiers as well as colonial soldiers from África marched north towards the Mysore army besieging Pangim. When word of the Mysore’s army retreat reached them they moved north east to intercept them.

The Portuguese garrison of Pangim moved from their defensive position and joined General Sá Pereira in pursuing Tipu’s army. Twenty miles from the town of Supa on the banks of the Kali River Tipu’s army was pinned by the combined Portuguese force. Portuguese superior artillery started pounding the Mysore army position and during the barrage a shell hit the command tent where Tipu was meeting with his commanders. Most of the Mysore commanders with Tipu were either killed or wounded including Tipu himself who was hurt and unconscious so he was unable to direct his army. The surrounded Mysore army tried to break out but the Portuguese artillery as well as muskets forced them back. After 5 hours of fighting the Mysore army surrendered to the Portuguese, having lost over 5,000 men in the entire campaign. The Portuguese forces with a combined army of less than 8,000 men had been able to defeat an army twice its size.

When Haider Ali heard of his son’s capture and the defeat of the entire Mysore army as well as the capture of Tipu by the Portuguese he suffered a heart attack. He survived but was very weak and unable to govern the Mysore country. Mysore commenced immediately negotiations with Portugal for an end to hostilities. Tipu was allowed to lead the negotiations with Portugal for his own ransom as well as his army. Portugal demanded that Mysore pay for the entire costs of the war as well as for all the damage caused in Goa.

Tipu and the remaining Mysore army were released by the Portuguese. On October 10, 1778 the Sirsi Peace Treaty was signed between Portugal and Mysore granting all of Portugal’s demands.

Portuguese-Mysore War of 1790

After killing thousands of Christians in South Canara Tipu's next stop was Goa. In 1788 the English Bombay governor General Abercromby provided Tipu of Mysore with assurances that the British East Índia Company would not get involved in any war between Portugal and Mysore. The Marathas & Mysore were enemies but in 1789 Tipu negotiated with Nana Fadnavis of the Maratha an alliance against Portugal in Goa in return for a Huge payment.

In 1790 the army of Mysore had over 100,000 men, Tipu sent an army of 25,000 men to Hangal near the border with Goa to protect Mysore from Portuguese attacks while he attacked the southern enclaves of Calecute and Cananor with half his army. His plan was to occupy the Portuguese forces in Goa with the Maratha Army from Pune and his forces in Hangal allowing him to capture the southern enclaves and then crush the Portuguese in Goa between his combined army and the Maratha army.

Goa was alerted to Mysore’s and Maratha’s plots and alliances early in the negotiations but decided to keep its knowledge a secret while it prepared its defenses and forces. In January the Portuguese sent several small forces into the Maratha-Mysore border area to attempt to intercept Tipu payment to the Maratha. It was hoped that stopping the payment plus a demonstration in Maratha territory would neutralize the Maratha, thus allowing the Portuguese to deal with the Mysore without worrying about possible Maratha involvement.

On January 10, 1790 a Portuguese reconnaissance force spotted the Mysore force entering Maratha territory. A message was sent to the Portuguese main force located in the Belguam region of Goa close to the Maratha border. On January 15, a Portuguese force of 10,000 men under the Marquês d’ Alorma ambushed the Mysore force of 5,000 men delivering the payment to the Maratha near the town of Mudhul. The Mysore force was wiped out to the last man. As a lesson to the Maratha, the residents of the town of Mudhul were driven out and the town was burned down. The Portuguese sent the heads of the Mysore force as well as the heads of the leaders of the town of Mudhul in the empty money chests to Nana Fadnavis. The Maratha who were still recovering from last Portuguese-Maratha war sued for peace.

Nana Fadnavis sent an emissary to Goa to provide the Portuguese Vice-rei Francisco da Cunha e Meneses assurances that Maratha would stay neutral during the Portuguese-Mysore conflict. The Vice-rei of Goa demanded that the Maratha withdraw all their soldiers 50 miles from Goa Portuguese border and as part of the ceasefire between Goa and Pune on February 15 Nana Fadnavis agreed to Portuguese demands, leaving Portuguese forces free to deal with Tipu and Mysore.

On January 16 Tipu led his army against Calecute which had been reinforced by sea from both Damão and Diu and like all other Portuguese territories in India its defenses upgraded. The Mysore army was unable to capture Calecute and was forced to besiege it. On February 25, Tipu received news of Portugal’s capture of the payment to the Maratha and Nana Fadnavis peace deal with Portugal as well as reports of large Portuguese forces massing on Mysore’s border with Goa. He launched a desperate attack on Calecute hoping to capture the city so he could lead his forces against the main Portuguese forces from Goa. Tipu’s forces attacked Calecute’s defenses for 3 days but were unable to capture it.

Marquês de Alorma and Conde de Amarante led a large force south from southern Goa against the Mysore towards the city of Mangalore. The Portuguese used their scorched earth tactic and the road to Mangalore ahead of the advancing Portuguese forces was filled with tens of thousands of fleeing Christian refugees. On March 10 after abandoning his siege of Calecute which had cost him 10,000 men he marched north to stop the Portuguese and push them out of Mysore. On April 20 Tipu and the main Mysore army attacked the Portuguese force north of Mangalore. The Portuguese force numbered 25,000 while Tipu’s had over 40,000 men but the Portuguese army was able to use its superior arms and artillery to defeat Tipu driving him and his army from the field in full confusion.

Tipu retreated east to his capital Seringapatam with his remaining forces. The Portuguese force whose original goal was the capture of the city of Mangalore & free Christians was later ordered to bypass the city and continue south towards Malabar. On May 10 the Portuguese force met little resistance and reached Cananor. The Portuguese force defeated all the remaining Mysore forces in the province of Malabar and captured Cotayam on June 5 and Utakamand on July 10.

On January 29 a second smaller Portuguese force under the command of João de Olhão crossed the Goa-Mysore border and attacked the Mysore army at Hangal. The Mysore army was defeated and forced to retreat southeast. The Portuguese captured the city Hangal and pursued the Mysore army till they caught up with them near the town of Sorab on March 10. The Mysore army retreated into the town of Sorab and the Portuguese force surrounded the town. On March 12 the Portuguese forces stormed the city defenses and the Mysore army surrendered.

Tipu still had over 35,000 men but he feared the English and Nizam who were still his enemies, so on October 10 so he sued for peace with Portugal. On November 15 the Portuguese Vice-rei Francisco da Cunha e Meneses sent his demands to Tipu:

Portuguese missionaries & Goan Priests in South Canara be free from persecutions and attacks from Mysore. All Christians would also be free to practice their religion

Allow for the construction of a road linking Goa and Calecute, provide the labor for the construction of the road and pay all costs. The road along with a 2-mile radius on either side would belong to Portugal and be governed by Portuguese laws.

"Indian" history never reports any of these events. I learn with pride that Portugal did fight the Mahomettan bigot and terrorist Tipu, a forerunner of Osama bin Laden, and force him back on the Malabar and Canara fronts. I have a book of the History of Christianity in the Canara districts, and it does not mention these events. This is the extent to which the English successfully brainwashed Catholics, dividing them against Goa by fooling the Popes into setting up the Propaganda dioceses against Portugal, and instilled in the Propaganda party that they, English Protestants, were the best guardians and defenders of Catholicism against the chimerical "threat" from Portugal. This is how the Mangaloreans, originally Goan emigrants, became alienated, and became constituted as a seperate, distinct people.

Karnataka Mounted Police

After 1951, the horses in the maharaja’s bodyguards transformed into the Karnataka Armed Reserve Mounted Police, with headquarters in Mysore. All the stables, fields, and office buildings date back to the maharajas’ time. The Mounted Police is used in traffic duties, night patrolling, and officer-training and dasara festivities. The Mounted Police is made up of 90 horses and 150 officers and men. Riders of the Karnataka Armed Reserve Mounted Police still practice tent-pegging. Considered one of the great skills of horse-riding, “tent-pegging” goes back to the old days of kings, wars and horses. They Mounted Police are also known for various other skills such as games, ceremonial parades and showmanship. The riders have won many prizes in national and international equestrian competitions. The Mounted Police is headed by Commandant S.G. Mariba Shetti, a top rider. The 15 year old horse he is riding is one of the best champion horses in India. Shetti has won gold medals at the World Police Games at Australia (1995) and at Indianapolis, US (2001).

File:Ideal_Jawa1.jpg

File:Ideal_Jawa1.jpg has been listed at Commons:Deletion requests so that the community can discuss whether it should be kept or not. We would appreciate it if you could go to voice your opinion about this at its entry. If you created this file, please note that the fact that it has been proposed for deletion does not necessarily mean that we do not value your kind contribution. It simply means that one person believes that there is some specific problem with it, such as a copyright issue. Please see Commons:But it's my own work! for a guide on how to address these issues. Please remember to respond to and – if appropriate – contradict the arguments supporting deletion. Arguments which focus on the nominator will not affect the result of the nomination. Thank you!

Brianhe (talk) 20:41, 24 November 2011 (UTC)

Tip: Categorizing images

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Hello, Skyflash!

Tip: Add categories to your files

Thanks a lot for contributing to the Wikimedia Commons! Here's a tip to make your uploads more useful: Why not add some categories to describe them? This will help more people to find and use them.

Here's how:

1) If you're using the UploadWizard, you can add categories to each file when you describe it. Just click "more options" for the file and add the categories which make sense:

2) You can also pick the file from your list of uploads, edit the file description page, and manually add the category code at the end of the page.

[[Category:Category name]]

For example, if you are uploading a diagram showing the orbits of comets, you add the following code:

[[Category:Astronomical diagrams]]

[[Category:Comets]]

This will make the diagram show up in the categories "Astronomical diagrams" and "Comets".

When picking categories, try to choose a specific category ("Astronomical diagrams") over a generic one ("Illustrations").

Thanks again for your uploads! More information about categorization can be found in Commons:Categories, and don't hesitate to leave a note on the help desk.

CategorizationBot (talk) 13:12, 25 November 2011 (UTC)

• Image:IJR&D.jpg was uncategorized on 24 November 2011 CategorizationBot (talk) 13:12, 25 November 2011 (UTC)
• Image:Ideal Jawa.jpg was uncategorized on 24 November 2011 CategorizationBot (talk) 13:12, 25 November 2011 (UTC)
• Image:Ideal jawa Board.jpg was uncategorized on 24 November 2011 CategorizationBot (talk) 13:12, 25 November 2011 (UTC)
• Image:Yezdi 175 Deluxe.jpg was uncategorized on 19 January 2012 CategorizationBot (talk) 12:06, 20 January 2012 (UTC)

File tagging File:Yezdi Roadking 250.jpg

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Túrelio (talk) 13:36, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

File:Yezdi Roadking1.jpg

File:Yezdi Roadking1.jpg has been marked as a possible copyright violation. Wikimedia Commons only accepts free content—that is, images and other media files that can be used by anyone, for any purpose. Traditional copyright law does not grant these freedoms, and unless noted otherwise, everything you find on the web is copyrighted and not permitted here. For details on what is acceptable, please read Commons:Licensing. You may also find Commons:Copyright rules useful, or you can ask questions about Commons policies at the Commons:Help desk. If you are the copyright holder and the creator of the file, please read Commons:But it's my own work! for tips on how to provide evidence of that. The file you added has been deleted. If you have written permission from the copyright holder, please have them send us a free license release via COM:VRT. If you believe that the deletion was not in accordance with policy, you may request undeletion. (It is not necessary to request undeletion if using VRT; the file will be automatically restored at the conclusion of the process.) Warning: Wikimedia Commons takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.

 

Túrelio (talk) 13:37, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

File tagging File:Yezdi roadking power glider.jpg

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Smooth O (talk) 17:06, 14 December 2017 (UTC)