Atlas of languages

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WIKIMEDIA COMMONS Atlas of the World

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The introductions of the country, dependency and region entries are in the native languages and in English. The other introductions are in English.
North America South America Antarctica Africa Europe Asia Oceania Oceania The Oceans
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Language

Atlas of languages
A language is a system, used for communication, comprising a finite set of arbitrary symbols and a set of rules (or grammar) by which the manipulation of these symbols is governed. These symbols can be combined productively to convey new information, distinguishing languages from other forms of communication. The word language (without an article) can also refer to the use of such systems as a phenomenon.

Français:Le langage est la faculté de mettre en œuvre un système de signes linguistiques (qui constituent la langue) permettant la communication et l'expression de la pensée, ce qui est privatif des humains, et des sentiments, ce qui est commun aux animaux. La linguistique est l'étude scientifique du langage.

Español:Como concepto general, el lenguaje engloba a distintos medios utilizados para sostener la comunicación. El lenguaje verbal emplea signos que transmiten significados y que pueden articularse formando estructuras complejas que adquieren nuevas capacidades de significación (morfemas, palabras, oraciones, párrafos, textos). Filósofos como Martin Heidegger consideran que el lenguaje propiamente dicho es sólo privativo del hombre. Es famosa su tesis según la cual el lenguaje es la casa del ser (Haus des Seins) y la morada de la esencia del hombre.

اللغة نسق من الإشارات والرموز، يشكل أداة في المعرفة، وتعتبر اللغة أهم أدوات التفاهم والاحتكاك بين أفراد المجتمع في جميع ميادين الحياة. وبدون اللغة يتعذر نشاط الناس المعرفي. وترتبط اللغة بالتفكير ارتباطاً وثيقاً. فأفكار الإنسان تصاغ دوماً في قالب لغوي، حتى في حال تفكيره الباطني. فقط في اللغة تحصل الفكرة على وجودها الواقعي. واللغة ترمز إلى الأشياء المنعكسة فيها.

正常的人类都具有讲话的能力,但是任何人都必须通过学习才能获得语言能力。对于语言这个非常复杂、重要的概念,是很难被清楚定义的。然而大部分人都会同意,语言是一套通过表示方法和合乎逻辑的语法构成的进行沟通和推理的系统。许多语言通过手势、声音、符号和文字来传递,目的是交流观念、意见、思想和含义等。语言学就是我们在尝试区分語言間的異同而發展出來的。

Язы́к — система знаков, предназначенная для фиксации, переработки и передачи сведений от одного субъекта к другому.


[edit] Maps of languages

Current distribution of Human Language Families
Language groups
map in German
Idiomas del mundo
Languages of the world (map in Spanish)
Writing systems of the world
Writing system of the world
Orange: countries with a majority of speakers of Indo-European languages, Yellow: countries with an IE minority language with official status
Le monde francophone
Francophone world
[[|border|250x400px]] Mundo hispanohablante. Ver la leyenda para obtener una lista detallada de las fuentes utilizadas para generar el mapa.
Hispanophone world. See the legend for a detailed list of sources used to make the map
Countries traditionally considered the Core of the Hispanidad. Note that this is not the same as the Hispanophone. See the legend for a detailed list of countries.
Countries of the world where English is an official or de facto official language in dark blue, countries where it is an official but not primary language in light blue.
Deutschsprachige länder
German speaking countries
Portuguese speaking countries
Países lusófonos
International position of Dutch
Indo-European languages 3500 BCE
Indo-European languages 2500 BCE
Indo-European languages 1500 BCE
Indo-European languages 500 BCE
The Indo-European language groups as of 500 B.C.E, along with selected isoglosses.
Indo-European languages 500 CE
Indo-European languages 1500 CE
Indo-European Languages
Germanic languages
Germanische Sprachen
Germaanse talen
Germanska språk
Germanske sprog
Germönsk tungumál
Crymean Tatar Language
беларуская мова
Belarusian Language
украї́нська мо́ва
Ukrainian Language

[edit] Russia

Русский язык
Russian Language
Geographical distribution of Samoyedic, Finnic, Ugric and Yukaghir languages

[edit] Africa

Map of African language families
Carte de langues africaines
Lugha za Kibantu
Bantu expansion
لغات أفروآسيوية
Afro-Asiatic languages
Nilo-Saharan languages
Lokótá ya Nizer-Kongo
Langues nigéro-congolaises
Niger-Congo languages
Khoi San languages
Gbe languages
Kel Tamasheq
Touaregs
طوارق
Tuaregs

[edit] Americas

Eskimo-Aleut languages
Na-Dené languages
Qhichwa simi
Runasimi
Lenguas quechuas
Quechua

[edit] Asia

Austro-Asiatic languages
Sino-Tibetan languages
Japanese language

[edit] Notes and references

General remarks:

  • The WIKIMEDIA COMMONS Atlas of the World is an organized and commented collection of geographical, political and historical maps available at Wikimedia Commons. The main page is therefore the portal to maps and cartography on Wikimedia. That page contains links to entries by country, continent and by topic as well as general notes and references.
  • Every entry has an introduction section in English. If other languages are native and/or official in an entity, introductions in other languages are added in separate sections. The text of the introduction(s) is based on the content of the Wikipedia encyclopedia. For sources of the introduction see therefore the Wikipedia entries linked to. The same goes for the texts in the history sections.
  • Historical maps are included in the continent, country and dependency entries.
  • For Burma, see Myanmar; Great Britain and Northern Ireland, see United Kingdom; Ivory Coast, see Côte d'Ivoire; Pridnestrovie, see Transnistria; Taiwan, see China, Republic of; Timor-Leste, see East Timor.
  • The status of various entities is disputed. See the content for the entities concerned.
  • The maps of former countries that are more or less continued by a present-day country or had a territory included in only one or two countries are included in the atlas of the present-day country. For example the Ottoman Empire can be found in the Atlas of Turkey.

Entries available in the atlas

General pages
Atlas · Historical atlas · Index of the Atlas · Names in native languages

The world and its continents and oceans
General maps of the world · Historical maps of the world · Old maps · Africa · North and South America · Antarctica · Asia · Europe (History, European Union) · Oceania · Oceans

Historical era and themes
Prehistory · Antiquity · Middle Ages · Rise of Islam · Early Modern Age · Early American Societies · Early Asian Societies · Age of Renaissance · Colonialism · 20th Century · World War I · World War II

Countries with undisputed status
Afghanistan · Albania · Algeria · Andorra · Angola · Antigua and Barbuda · Argentina · Armenia · Australia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Bahamas · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Barbados · Belarus · Belgium · Belize · Benin · Bhutan · Bolivia · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Botswana · Brazil · Brunei · Bulgaria · Burkina Faso · Burundi · Cambodia · Cameroon · Canada · Cape Verde · Central African Republic · Chad · Chile · China · Colombia · Comoros · Congo (Democratic Republic) · Congo (Republic) · Costa Rica · Côte d’Ivoire · Croatia · Cuba · Cyprus · Czech Republic · Denmark · Djibouti · Dominica · Dominican Republic · East Timor · Ecuador · Egypt · El Salvador · Equatorial Guinea · Eritrea · Estonia · Ethiopia · Fiji · Finland · France · Gabon · Gambia · Georgia · Germany · Ghana · Greece · Grenada · Guatemala · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Guyana · Haiti · Honduras · Hungary · Iceland · India · Indonesia · Iran · Iraq · Ireland · Israel · Italy · Jamaica · Japan · Jordan · Kazakhstan · Kenya · Kiribati · Korea (Democratic People’s Republic) · Korea (Republic) · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Laos · Latvia · Lebanon · Lesotho · Liberia · Libya · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Macedonia (Republic) · Madagascar · Malawi · Malaysia · Maldives · Mali · Malta · Marshall Islands · Mauritania · Mauritius · Mexico · Micronesia (Federated States) · Moldova · Monaco · Mongolia · Montenegro · Morocco · Mozambique · Myanmar · Namibia · Nauru · Nepal · The Netherlands · New Zealand · Nicaragua · Niger · Nigeria · Norway · Oman · Pakistan · Palau · Panama · Papua New Guinea · Paraguay · Peru · Philippines · Poland · Portugal · Qatar · Romania · Russia · Rwanda · Saint Kitts and Nevis · Saint Lucia · Saint Vincent and the Grenadines · Samoa · San Marino · São Tomé and Príncipe · Saudi Arabia · Senegal · Serbia · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Singapore · Slovakia · Slovenia · Solomon Islands · Somalia · South Africa · Spain · Sri Lanka · Sudan · Suriname · Swaziland · Sweden · Switzerland · Syria · Tajikistan · Tanzania · Thailand · Togo · Tonga · Trinidad and Tobago · Tunisia · Turkey · Turkmenistan · Tuvalu · Uganda · Ukraine · United Arab Emirates · United Kingdom · United States · Uruguay · Uzbekistan · Vanuatu · Vatican City · Venezuela · Vietnam · Yemen · Zambia · Zimbabwe

Countries with disputed status
Abkhazia · China (Republic)/Taiwan · Kosovo · Nagorno-Karabakh · Northern Cyprus · Palestine · Somaliland · South Ossetia · Tamil Eelam · Transnistria · Western Sahara

Dependencies and other overseas territories
Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Åland · American Samoa · Anguilla · Aruba · Ascension Island · Ashmore and Cartier Islands · Baker Island · Bermuda · Bouvet Island · British Indian Ocean Territory · British Virgin Islands · Cayman Islands · Christmas Island · Clipperton Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · Cook Islands · Coral Sea Islands · Faroe Islands · French Guiana · French Polynesia · French Southern and Antarctic Lands · Gibraltar · Greenland · Guadeloupe · Guam · Guantanamo Bay · Guernsey · Heard Island and McDonald Islands · Hong Kong · Howland Island · Isle of Man · Jan Mayen · Jarvis Island · Jersey · Johnston Atoll · Kingman Reef · Macau · Martinique · Mayotte · Midway Atoll · Montserrat · Navassa Island · Netherlands Antilles · New Caledonia · Niue · Norfolk Island · Northern Mariana Islands · Palmyra Atoll · Pitcairn Islands · Puerto Rico · Réunion · Saint Helena · Saint-Barthélemy · Saint Martin (France) · Saint-Pierre and Miquelon · Svalbard · Tokelau · Tristan da Cunha · Turks and Caicos Islands · United States Virgin Islands · Wake Island · Wallis and Futuna

Disputed areas
Kashmir · Paracel Islands · Spratly Islands · Falkland Islands · South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands

Subnational autonomous entities
Aceh · Adjara · Adygea · Altai · Andalusia · Aosta Valley · Aragon · Athos · Azores · Balearic Islands · Bashkortostan · Basque Autonomous Community · Bougainville · Brussels · Buryatia · Canary Islands · Catalonia · Chechnya · Chuvashia · Corsica · Crimea · Curaçao · Dagestan · Easter Island · England · Extremadura · Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federation of) · Flanders · Friuli-Venezia Giulia · Gagauzia · Galicia · Galápagos Islands · Gorno-Badakhshan · Guangxi · Ingushetia · Inner Mongolia · Kabardino-Balkaria · Kalmykia · Karachay-Cherkessia · Karakalpakstan · Karelia · Khakassia · Komi · Kurdistan (Iraqi) · Madeira · Mari El · Mindanao · Mordovia · Nakhichevan · Navarre · Nevis · Ningxia · North Ossetia-Alania · Northern Ireland · Quebec · Saint Martin (Netherlands) · Sakha · Sardinia · Scotland · Sicily · Srpska · Tatarstan · Tibet · Trentino-Alto Adige · Tuva · Udmurtia · Vojvodina · Wales · Wallonia · Xinjiang · Zanzibar

Other regions
Basque Country · Burzenland · Kurdistan · Sápmi

Former countries
Austria-Hungary · Byzantine Empire · Caliphate · Czechoslovakia · Frankish Empire · Inca Empire · Macedonian Empire · Prussia · Roman Empire · Soviet Union · Yugoslavia

Themes
Administrative divisions · International organizations · Languages · Religions

Old atlas
Stielers Handatlas 1891

Personal tools
In Wikipedia