The introductions of the country, dependency and region entries are in the native languages and in English. The other introductions are in English.
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Caliphate
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خلافة إسلام
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| العربية |
[1]خلافة إسلام)
لخلافة الاسلامية يمكن تعريفها بأنها نظام الحكم (المنظمة السياسية) التي أوجدها المسلمون بعد وفاة رسول العالمين محمد بن عبدالله صلى الله عليه وسلم لتولي قيادة المسلمين و إدارة شؤوون الجماعة الاسلامية و الدولة الاسلامية التي كانت قد بدأت مرحلة التوسع و نشر الدع
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| English |
Caliphate
The Caliphate (Arabic: was the state created by the prophet Muhammad. The first four caliphs were Muhammad's Sahaba (disciples); Abu Bakr, then Umar ibn al-Khattab, then Uthman ibn Affan, and the fourth was Ali ibn Abi Talib. Sunni Muslims consider Abu-Bakr to be the first legitimate Caliph, Shi'a consider Ali to have been the first truly legitimate Caliph, although they concede that Ali accepted his predecessors, because he eventually sanctioned Abu-Bakr. After these four caliphs, the Abbasid Dynasty, had fell apart, and the Fatimids from Kairouan took control, with a new capital in Egypt, Cairo.
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| Short name |
Caliphate |
| Official name(s) |
Caliphate |
| Status |
Country between 632 A.D. and 1258 A.D. |
| Location |
Middle East and North Africa, including Spain |
| Capital |
Medina, Damascus, Baghdad, Cairo |
| Major language(s) |
Arabic |
| Major religion(s) |
Islam |
| More information |
Caliphate. |
| More images |
Caliphate - Caliphate (Category). |
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Historical overview
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The Caliphate at the death of Muhammad in 632 |
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This map shows the expansion of the Caliphate: I: Muhammad; II: Abu Bakr; III: Omar and IV: Othman |
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Caliphate around 750 |
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Abbasid Caliphate at the beginning of the dynasty |
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The Abbasid Caliphate under Harun al-Rashid (786-809) |
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The provinces of the Abbasid Caliphate under Harun al-Rashid (786-809) |
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The Abbasid Caliphate in the mid-9th century |
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Muslim expansion and the Muslim world ca 945 |
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Fragmentation of the Abbasid Caliphate in the 9th-10th centuries |
Regional maps
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The Arab-Byzantine frontier zone in eastern Anatolia |
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The Jazira in the early Islamic period |
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Iraq under the Abbasids |
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Khurasan and eastern Iran ca. 836 |
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Sind in the Umayyad period |
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Transoxiana and Khurasan in the Umayyad period |
Notes and references
General remarks:
- The WIKIMEDIA COMMONS Atlas of the World is an organized and commented collection of geographical, political and historical maps available at Wikimedia Commons. The main page is therefore the portal to maps and cartography on Wikimedia. That page contains links to entries by country, continent and by topic as well as general notes and references.
- Every entry has an introduction section in English. If other languages are native and/or official in an entity, introductions in other languages are added in separate sections. The text of the introduction(s) is based on the content of the Wikipedia encyclopedia. For sources of the introduction see therefore the Wikipedia entries linked to. The same goes for the texts in the history sections.
- Historical maps are included in the continent, country and dependency entries.
- The status of various entities is disputed. See the content for the entities concerned.
- The maps of former countries that are more or less continued by a present-day country or had a territory included in only one or two countries are included in the atlas of the present-day country. For example the Ottoman Empire can be found in the Atlas of Turkey.
- ↑ No romanization.
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Entries available in the atlas
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